| Micro-credit was formally founded in the 70s of the 20th century, the internationally admitted effective way to reduce poverty. It drew more than 100 countries practice and application around the world and has formed variety models: 1. NGO, a non-profit civil society, 2. commercial and state banks, 3. community-based development institutions like self-help groups and credit unions, 4. the Grameen Bank, the model established in Uganda by FINCA is such a kind of financial model that non-government organizations provide micro-credit to the poor in order to help them alleviate poverty, 5. the micro-credit fund, operated by the autonomous organization can be defined as autonomous credit fund. The organization holds the authority and also bears the responsibility for its quick, efficient and effective utilizations in a commercial manner.In Bangladesh Micro-credit fund possessed by PKSF is a classical example of autonomous micro credit fund. Whatever the model, it made great contributions to help millions of people out of poverty.Since the beginning of the 1980s, China has introduced and implemented micro-credit to rural household, through "three in one" system including government, bank and FPC. The prominent feature of this model is that the government participates in directly and initiatively. In 1993 the introduction of micro-credit projects, the financial sector has invested a lot of money, also established a civil hundreds of micro-credit institutions. There are two models: one is that through the assessment of credit of the village and the farmers credit cooperatives in rural areas grant small loans to farmers; and the other is the Bangladesh model. In Early 1994, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences took the lead in Yixian County of Hebei Province carrying out micro-credit experiment in full accordance with the Grameen Bank model of micro-credit operations. There are hundreds of small loans to start pilot projects across the country. Like many other countries, these experiments are successful. Since 1999, the People's Bank of China has also started to promote micro-credit in rural areas. In 2005, the People's Bank of China branch in Taiyuan drew up《Micro-credit project in Shanxi Province NCO implementation of the program》. At the end of 2005, Pingyao in Shanxi Province, "RiShengLong" and "JinYuanTai" in the Ming and Qing dynasties named after micro-credit companies set up the opening and began granting small loans to farmers. The two small loans companies'capitals about ten million to 20 million Yuan. In different with Chinese Academy of Social Sciences micro-credit company is a commercial loan to support agriculture in profit. The primary goal of a maximum lending rate could be higher than the benchmark bank lending rate 4 times higher interest rates on loans to compensate for the risk, but not yet in accordance with the provisions of deposits. Although the pilot project in Shanxi Province as a whole is still very small scale, but it can be said that this is a breakthrough of China rural micro-credit.It was against this background new Postal Savings Bank develop micro-credit to confirm as a strategic direction have not only political significance of services to three dimensional rural and services to the local economy but also the inevitable choice for enterprise survival and development. It not only funds large-scale use of nowhere, but also eases the majority of the owners of private enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households and rural households.On the basis of discussing inevitability of postal micro-credit, this paper started with definition of micro-credit, and analysised the present situation of micro-credit in international and domestic including Jilin province. It pointed out the problem of postal micro-credit development, and emphased on the countermeasure of it .Last, it showed that achievements of Jilin Postal Savings Micro-credit. The full text is divided into five chapters. Chapter I: Introduction. First of all, the postal savings bank market position decide that it has to participate in the inevitable competition in rural financial markets, provides public services in urban and rural area, then the advantages of postal savings banks for their participation in the rural financial market competition has facilitated conditions for the competition. Last, development of the postal micro-credit objectively requires this strong and qualified financial institutions take part in the competition. Chapter II: the development of micro-credit and its theoretical background. Introduce the origin and the definition and development of micro-credit. section I: introduced the development of micro-credit abroad. Section II: the development of micro-credit in domestic, Section III: the theory background of micro-credit. Chapter III: The problems and the analysis of the problems in postal micro-credit development. First: the status quo of postal micro-credit; second: major problems in postal micro-credit such as high operating costs, low productivity, some of the dissatisfaction for credit products and methods, the need to strengthen risk prevention. Last, make the final analysis of the problem of postal micro-credit such as the contradiction between growing demand for credit funds and limited credit funds, the conflict between the standard products and the multi-level demand for loans, the contradiction between the principle of sustainable micro-credit and serving for poor people, the conflict between the responsibility and the right. Chapter IV: countermeasures. Drawing on advanced international and domestic experience, combined with the actual situation of postal savings in Jilin Province, it propose a strategy. First: to optimize processes, improve efficiency to reduce operating costs; second: establish high-quality staff by training ; Third: To establish and improve an effective micro-credit products and methods; Fourth: to strengthen internal management mechanism to guard against business risks; Fifth: to explore the establishment of risk compensation mechanism, to avoid the risk of the bank. Chapter V: Case. Using the example of Postal Savings Bank Fusong branches to improve the micro-credit model .Finally, concluded that Jilin branch of PSBC established less than a year, the banking started gradually, and it need for innovative financial services to participate in the financial market. The implementation of these proposals will promote for the healthy development of the postal micro-credit . We believe that the postal savings micro-credit will make outstanding contributions in improving the low-end financial market competition, conscientiously solve the difficulty loans of the small and medium enterprises and increase the return of postal savings funds for use in areas where they are from. |
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