The Study On The Vicissitude Of Forest Property Rights' Institution In The China Modern

The formation of present forest property rights'institution arrangements has a profound history origin. "The history determines the future", "The path dependence" of institution vicissitude determines it is necessary to study on the historical situations of forest property rights'institution arrangements and vicissitude process. This study has been launched under the precondition of lacking study on forest property rights'institution and vicissitude process in modern period, especially before the founding of New China in 1949.This article deeply studies on forest property rights'institution arrangements and their characteristics in the china modern, the process and history causes and institution economics causes of forest property rights'institution vicissitude using historical analysis, qualitative analysis and system analysis methods. It describes and evaluates the performance of forest property rights'institution in the China modern using quantitative analysis and comparative analysis methods. The forest property rights'institution in the Modern China had experienced the following vicissitude: the main of landlord private ownership and a variety of forest property rights'institution of private ownership (late Qing dynasty)——the forest property rights'institution of state-owned and public-owned and private ownership existing at the same time(during the period of National Government and Northern Government)——a variety of forest property rights'institution in the revolutionary base areas and the liberated areas——the forest property rights'institution at the core of farmers private ownership(1951-1953)——the forest property rights'institution at the core of the collective ownership(1953-1981). Among them, the forest property rights'institution at the core of the collective ownership had experienced a gradually strengthening(1953-1956) - high degree strengthening(1956-1961)– gradually weakening process(1961-1981). The formation of a variety of forest property rights'institution arrangement was cause of their specific historical reasons, at the same time, the vicissitude of forest property rights'institution had been influenced by some institution economics factors such as the State vicissitude, the gradual scarcity of forest resources, the relative change of elements price of forest resources and labor force, the technologies advance of forest resources utilization, the stimulation and induce of economic interests the path-dependent in forest property rights'institution vicissitude. The performance all kinds of forest property rights'institution arrangements should be placed on particular historical period to evaluate objectively and impartially. The fundamental criterion measuring the performance of forest property rights'institution is whether it achieves the optimal allocation of forest resources. But, because of the existence of interest groups and the conflicts between state and individual interests the subjects'interests are considered when evaluating the performance and cannot simply say that one forest property rights'institution or form is efficient or inefficient. Because supply subject's interest of forest property rights ((state or political parties) live in highly important even decisive position the forest property rights'institution vicissitude process in the China modern had always been a obliged vicissitude process and its core problem was how allocated forest resources. The impacts of vicissitude process had many aspects to contemporary property rights'institution reform. We should give more consideration to the induced demand factors. We need re-look the past forest property rights'institution or form if we cannot find new and more efficient one. And sometimes we don't need to reform it as long as create new institutional environment adaptation to some forest property rights'institution that will be able to more fully play its role.This paper studied on forest property rights'institution from the perspective of economic historiography, made research period extend to the whole of China modern and made research scope extend to the whole process of forest property rights'institution vicissitude in the China modern. It sorts out the sequences and characteristics and explores specific historical reasons and institutional economics motives. This article has some innovation in these aspects.