Study The Thought Of Richening Civilian In Pre-Qin Dynasty And Han Dynasty

It was a high yield period in Chinese history of economic ideas from Pre-Qin period to Han Dynasty, especially, during the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, fierce competition among seigneurs nurtured lots of important thoughts on richening civilian. Ancient China was in transformation from the feudal lord system to the feudal landlord system during Pre-Qin period, so seigneurs'ruling philosophies and measures were adjusting and improving constantly, which resulted a good academic environment, thinkers could be free to express their views on government's policies without restraint. Cultural progress and competitive pressure from rivalries forced seigneurs to transform their ruling philosophies from "god basis" to "human basis", seigneurs had to come to concern the interests of the ruled. Therefore , the interests of the ruled and the rulers had been unified to a large extent on concept of government, these consciousness eventually developed into an intense debate on"richening civilian"or"richening state"among a lot of great thinkers. Under such a historical background, thinkers and politicians brought forward many valuable ideas and policies on richening civilian.Most of thoughts on richening civilian were full of originality in Pre-Qin period and Han Dynasty, and related to main aspects of the feudal landlord system's up phase. In this paper, I focus my study on ideas of richening civilian in some classics of Confucian School, Mohist School, Taoist School, Legalist School, and Huanglao School, here, we can see Confucian's"conserving tax sources"thought, Taoist's"no interference in life"thought, Mohist's"production and thrift"thought, DongGuo Legalist's"richening civilian with policies"thought. These classic thoughts had put a great positive impact on the feudal landlord society later. For example, since the Western Han Dynasty, almost every competent emperor took Confucian's"conserving tax sources"thought and Taoist's"no interference in life"thought as basic government policies in the beginning of his dynasty , aimed to restore social order in production and domination quickly; once when it came to late dynasty, with annexations in land and wealth , social contradictions were worsened intermittently, Legalist's"narrowing gap between rich and poor"will be concerned further by most politicians and thinkers.My research involves following three aspects, firstly,"necessity of richening civilian"; secondly,"richening whom"; thirdly,"how to richen civilian". About the first problem, I interpret the reason why many ideas of richening civilian emerged in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period; besides, I discuss the relationship between richening civilian and richening state. The second problem mainly focuses on civilian's class connotation and evaluation to"richening civilian"."How to rich"is core of this paper, it involves"production and thrift","lightening tax and corvee","narrowing gap between rich and poor","richening civilian with policies". Finally, I give some conclusions and apocalypses.