Research On Spatial Differentiation Of Landscape Pattern Along Chongqing UMT Line 2

The landscape ecology, which stems from Central Europe and Eastern Europe, is newly formed and being developed and expanded rapidly comprehensive subject. It studies the structure, function and the dynamic of landscape ecology. In recent years the research field of domestic landscape ecology was expanded and deepened, landscape pattern quantifying analysis software FRAGSTATS based on the 3S technology was used to study the landscape ecology quantifying by many scholars. Their research content mainly focused on wetland, oasis or temperate zone forests. The quantitative research on the landscape ecology dynamic pattern of city track transportation in mountainous and hilly area in our country has been rarely reported. As the representative of mountainous and hill city, the completion of Chongqing UMT Line 2 influenced the landscape pattern greatly. Therefore, it is exceedingly essential to study the landscape ecology pattern and its dynamic change quantifying with the application of landscape ecology method. By remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), based on the theory of landscape ecology, landscape pattern of Chongqing UMT Line 2 was analyzed by using TM images in 1986,2000 and land-use map of urban area of Chongqing City in 2007. Mean plaque area, landscape fragmentation index, landscape shape index and fractal dimension etc were chosen to present quantitative analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of Chongqing UMT Line 2.At the same time, by buffer spatial analysis of 0-0.5km,0.5-1km,1-1.5km, 1.5-2km of Chongqing UMT Line 2 in 2000 and 2007, residential land, city water body, and land for commercial use, industrial land and green space were extracted as five important elements of the landscape. By calculating landscape indices of these five elements, spatial differentiation of the landscape pattern of Chongqing UMT line 2 was displayed. The results showed that during the period from 1986 to 2007, the number of 15 landscape type mottling in the study area reduced gradually, and the number of mottling reduces to 500 from 1986 to 2007. The landscape area of residential land, land for commercial use, industrial land and green space has expanded, and the landscape mottling and landscape area of city water body have reduced but remain invariable since 2000. It is found that the mottling number in the per area of research field tended to reduce gradually, and the mean area of mottling in the study area increased by the counting and calculating the related landscape index. This indicates that the human activity tended to be centralism, the density of activity strengthened, the socio-economic development level improved gradually, which make the urban construction land expand rapidly, the landscape area increase, what's more,the urban construction land distribution tended to be centralism, and the landscape plan was optimized reasonably gradually. From 1986 to 2007, the change of landscape in the research area is as follows: both the landscape multiple index and landscape uniformity index in the research area increase; the landscape abundance density and dominance index decreased, which assumes the inverse correlation with uniformity index; with the development of economic society, the mean landscape shape index increased first and then decreased, which indicated that the landscape mottling shape tended to be complex, when it reached to a level, the degree of landscape mottling shape complex would reduce; additionally, the fractal dimension decreased, the fractal characteristic weakened gradually and the complex degree of landscape reduced. By studying the residential land space pattern, it indicates the landscape of residential land was located extensively in the buffer belt of study area, which is more than other landscape factor, what's more, the space of residential land accounted for above 30% of the landscape total landscape. The mottling number of residential land was the most and accounted for above 43% of buffer belt especially in the buffer belt of both from 0 to 0.5km and from 0.5 to lkm, and beyond the space, although the mottling number and the landscape area reduced, its number was greatly more than the total number of other landscape. The fractal dimension of residential land in 2007 reduced to some extent, and its mean mottling area increased by comparison with 2000, of the its difference was not big in the every buffer belt in 2007.Every factor landscape indeex was calculated in the buffer belt using the buffer analysis method, and the result was found that residential land and commercial land distributed dispersedly in the buffer belt from 0 to 0.5km and from 0.5 to lkm.Along with enlargement of buffer distance, both its shape index and the fractal dimension number presented the reducing tendency. The residential land and commercial land were influenced mostly by construction of UMT Line 2, because they are near the UMT Line 2.The overall shape of park green space landscape was rule, and it distributed extensively in the 0-0.5km scope. Its primary reason was that the residential land space expanded for the construction of UMT Line 2, which caused the demand of park green space increase accordingly. To industry land, the total landscape area, the proportion accounting for the buffer belt, mottling number and its mean area tended to increase along with increasing distance from UMT Line 2.Both landscape shape index and fractal dimension of city waters body were less than other factor, what's more, the landscape index change from 2000 to 2007was not obvious, which indicated the landscape shape was simple and stable. According to the study the driving factors of spatial and temporal differentiation of landscape pattern, the results were found as follows:the economical development, transportation construction and the land supply system influenced the landscape pattern along the route of Chongqing UMT Line 2 greatly. The research results will helpful in understanding the relationship between the structure composition characteristic of local landscape and the spatial disposition, which may provide the theory and technical support for this local landscape management as well as the landscape pattern optimization.