China's Public Transport Reform Issues, Causes And Direction

In the late 1970s, the rise of the administrative reform was aim at breaking the traditional pattern of administration and establishing, after the pattern of administration hierarchy' which is fit for post-industrial society and information age. This process also led to the re-positioning of government and market functions. Against this background, reform of public transportation is introduced. Public transportation is one of major travel tools for the public, and also embodies the model of good urban governance or not. This article is major about the failures of China's reform in recent years, and analyzing the problems existing in the process of reform and the pattern future development.Bus reform is carried out under the auspices of the government everywhere in recent years ,around the public transport reform, the earliest beginning of Shiyan City in Hubei, and then in Nanjing, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Xiamen and other places have also conducted a series of reform measures in public transport , for example, Achievements in the Beijing's public transport fares for financial subsidies and bus priority system in Hangzhou to a certain extent. However, most of them ended bus operators to re-nationalize. To this end, there is a clear need to study the essence of the reform of public transport, the nature of public transport reform is the traditional mechanism for the privatization of public transport operators, rather than the privatization of government should be responsible.In this paper, the public choice theory, objective management theories and new theories of public services, using literature analysis, comparative analysis and the Combination of case studies, through the reform of the status of public transport at home and abroad in recent years to analyze the reasons for unsuccessful reform of China's public transportation, proposed public transport reform should pay attention to a few pairs of relations, to clarify the essence of the reform of public transport, including the government the responsibility of market-oriented relationship with the operating mode of privatization, making arrangements with the producers of the relationship, the relationship between fairness and efficiency, social resources and government capital the relationship between the government self-sustaining public interest and government relations, is proposed for the actual operation of public transport contribute to the reform.Elaborating on the reform of public transport on the basis of deep-seated problems, this paper presents a new view that public transport reform and the development direction of the "hybrid model", in order to explore possible future reform of China's public transport development, specifically discussed from four aspects : First of all, property rights, a hybrid arrangement: the property rights of public transport should be based on its source, the importance of differential treatment: the proportion of trips undertaken a larger source of scarce lines, should be state-controlled; while adequate for the tourists, competitive environment has become more mature sections, you can franchise the way by the private sector contracting; Secondly, the operational hybrid arrangements: Property of the different decisions of the bus operators can not take a single model, but according to the respective property of their property rights by the government or the private sector undertake operations; once again, public liability mixed arrangements: The Government should take public transportation to bring the primary responsibility for the risks of reform for the rise in oil prices or special populations fare concessions for public transport subsidies accordingly enterprises, enterprises are mainly responsible for the provision of quality public transport universal service obligation; Finally, the performance evaluation of hybrid arrangements: the Government's performance evaluation should be based on the community-oriented, that the Government's commitment to provide bus service to the community in the process should listen to the views of the public, accept the people's monitoring and evaluation, at the same time municipal development planning with relevant experts and scholars to accept the monitoring and evaluation, enterprises are mainly based on the terms of contracts signed with the Government to the Government, also accept the public supervision of the general public satisfaction into enterprise performance evaluation system to go.Although the world-wide public transports reform, the emergence of a "reverse privatization" trend, but not simply with the reform of China's transport privatization equate the phenomenon of re-nationalization. Both in terms of external manifestations or the substance has a significant difference. So, this paper put forward the social development of China's fit at the present stage of reform and development of public transport should be directed to a hybrid model.