The Reforming Of Low-carbon Economy In Developed Countries And Its Enlightenment For China

Over the past century, many observations indicate that the Earth's climate is undergoing a global warming as the main feature significant changes. In particular, in recent years, the basic features of global warming, climate change become increasingly evident. Since the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide increased by 25%, far exceeding the scientists may have come in the past 16 years surveying the entire history, but there were no signs of slowing down.The United Nations in Stockholm in 1972, convened a "Conference on the Human Environment," countries for international cooperation in response to changes in the environment reached a "United Nations Conference on Human Environment Declaration" expressed a number of countries agreed in principle. March 1, 1993, "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change," formally entered into force, according to agreement, since 1995 annual meeting of the Conference of the Parties to assess progress in addressing climate change. In 1997 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Conference of the Parties, countries reduce emissions of greenhouse gases on the type of country-specific share of emission reduction credits, emission reduction time and reduction methods have made specific provisions, and reached the "Kyoto Protocol" This is the first time in human history in the form of laws and regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions. "Kyoto Protocol" in accordance with the basic principle of emissions trading, established emissions trading (ET), Joint Implementation Mechanism (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for the countries, especially developing countries, the development of low-carbon technologies has laid a mechanism and funding protection, thus opening a new economic pattern - a low carbon economy.Production of low-carbon economy countries in the world to cope with global climate change awareness and action are closely related. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions targets low-carbon economy is to solve the current problem of climate change and effective way, its purpose is to reduce the ecological system, economic development, the impact of the carbon cycle to achieve "carbon neutral", that is, the realization of economic activities, anthropogenic emissions of and man-made carbon dioxide absorption of carbon dioxide dynamic equilibrium to maintain the Earth's biosphere carbon balance. First, low-carbon economy by the British and other European countries for old industrial revolution, in some ways because of their global competition in the 21st century with the loss of the United States, Japan and even the "BRIC" as the representative of the competitive advantage of developing countries. In this situation, Europe should seize the opportunity for climate change industrial revolution, constantly hype of climate change on the dangers of human society, while actively establish strict controls on carbon dioxide emissions of the policy system and carbon emissions trading system, and a leading global the scope of prevention of global climate change diplomacy, forcing the United States and Japan and developing countries into submission, thus becoming the rules of the low-carbon economy, with a relative to the United States, Japan and developing countries, a new competitive advantage. The United States and Japan, at first thought to the development of low-carbon economy is an old industrial revolution in the European countries are trying to re-build in the global economic competition, within the pattern of the plot, but when they realized that Europe hopes to achieve significant benefits through low-carbon economy, when a pre-change state, actively participate in low-carbon economic development and innovation come. At present, the developed countries in the low-carbon economy have formed a consensus to try to low-carbon economy through innovation and to create new competitive advantages to those who are still in the growth of high-carbon economy in developing countries thrown far behind.China is committed to continuous improvement of people's lives, improving quality of life, to alleviate poverty, the development process is facing serious energy and resource shortages, environmental pollution and a range of issues, can only choose the development by leaps and bounds and achieve a win-win economic growth and environmental protection. China's future economic development, and only by reducing energy consumption, improve energy efficiency, develop renewable energy and other low-carbon economy in practice to achieve the objectives of China's economic growth and improve people's living standards improve, while the practice of low-carbon economy is no doubt in China After achieving the advantage of leap-forward development of an important opportunity.In order to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, China has adopted a series of national conditions of policies and measures formulated in 1996, "Ninth Five-Year" plan, put forward an average annual saving rate of 5%, cut emissions of major pollutants goals and actually achieved of these goals. Then formulated in 2001, "15" plan Shiyou proposed energy conservation and reduce major pollution emissions more than 10% of the target, but this goal was not met. The emergence of such an outcome, due to China's basic national conditions. China's large population, level of development with low per capita resources, shortage of seriously restricting China's economic development, in the current technology level, to reach the development level of industrialized countries means that per capita energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions must reach a higher level. Also, China is the world's few coal as main fuel state, and in 2005 the composition of the global primary energy consumption, coal accounts for 27.8%, while China accounted for 68.9%, coal-based energy resources and consumption structure in the future rather a long period of time will not be a fundamental change, making China in reducing carbon dioxide emissions per unit of energy intensity than in other countries face even greater difficulties.A low-carbon economy is not a simple technical or economic issue, but a matter of economic and social, environmental systems, a comprehensive problem. China's development of low-carbon economy must be an overall plan, should pay attention to low-carbon technology research and development, strengthening international cooperation, optimize the industrial structure and select the policy tools of science, and only through economic, political, cultural and other means comprehensive, creative use of in order to promoting society-wide goal of success in achieving a low carbon economy.