| Small-medium scale enterprises(Referred to as"SMES") are an important foundation for the world economy. In the world, whether developed or emerging countries, are common with small and medium enterprises, SMEs is an important component of national economies. A large number of SMEs there is a social division of labor to a certain stage in the development of the results. Because with the development of large-scale socialized production, social division of labor more and more detailed, large enterprises in order to obtain or maintain their competitive advantage, often put myself in the main concentrated in a core competence in the field, but the value of some none added value to small businesses, by outsourcing process in the form of transfer to the absorption of SMEs to provide ancillary products, which spawned a large number of SMEs actively involved in social division of labor.Japan is the famous "Small Country," with a large number of small and medium enterprises, which for its size "small", simple structure, fewer personnel and management of low-cost, market responsive, adaptable and other advantages, for Japan in shorter period to become a world economic power has played a huge role. The reason why Japan has such a strong SME competitiveness of the economy in Japan occupy such a position, and it is after World War II the Japanese government introduced a series of SME support policies inseparable, which is particularly important Government of Japan strongly constructed a very comprehensive system of primary and secondary financing. Japan's SME financing system is established after the war, and with the post-war Japanese economy to return to high growth from low orbit and then to gradually improve up.Financing System in Japan has distinctive features, the first is the formation of the government financing system for SMEs play an important role in the process. Japanese government from the very early development of SMEs aware of the role of economic stability, and economic forms in different periods according to the characteristics and tasks of SMEs, the market focus on one aspect of policy measures, and long-term persistence, therefore, only SMEs can make Japan competitive market environment, always maintain vigor and vitality into the Japanese an important force in economic development. Second,the rule of laws and regulations for SMEs. Japan is the world's developed countries, the most active SME policy, the most stable and most perfect legislation, one of the most perfect state. 40 years from the 20th century began during the Japanese Government under the different realities and changes in the economic environment has developed more than 30 laws related to small and medium enterprises to form a relatively independent, relatively complete legal system for small and medium enterprises, established the law of SMEs position to protect the interests of small and medium enterprises, promoting the development of SMEs have played an active role. The third is the establishment of a dedicated SME finance institutions. Japanese financial institutions for SMEs and government financial institutions, private financial organizations. Both complement each other effectively solve the financing problem of SMEs. The fourth is to open up channels of direct financing in various forms. Japan's direct financing channels for a wide range, primarily venture capital market, Folk venture Capital companies,, with the rise of direct financing, The financing of enterprises with multiple channels,SME financing difficulties of the problem is resolved. The fifth is to gradually form a more perfect system of indirect financing. Japan's system of indirect financing of SMEs operating characteristics can be summarized in the Government under the guidance of financial institutions, credit guarantee and insurance institutions in support of a large number of private financial institutions to participate. Sixth is to create a unique "double" credit guarantee system. Japan began as early as 1937, the implementation of credit guarantee system based on the German, now has set up 52 credit guarantee associations. Its principal role is to meet the requirements of the SME loan guarantee to increase SME credit value. Credit Guarantee Association, in addition to the establishment of small and medium insurance companies bank, whose main function is to provide credit guarantee association guarantee reinsurance. "Double" credit guarantee system to help SMEs to the appropriate cost of financing, while promoting the loan assets of financial institutions to achieve the optimization. Seventh is the development of preferential policies for SME financing system. SMEs in the eighth to establish a sound management system,and strengthen their organization and leadership of small and medium enterprises, financial support for SMEs operating system to provide effective organizational security.Zhejiang province is a private economy, reform and opening up more than 30 years, small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang Province to seize opportunities, the rapid development of the expansion of employment, an important guarantee for social stability to the province's economic and social development made a significant contribution, in economic and social development in an irreplaceable role. But from 2008 onwards, due to financial crisis, small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang Province as a whole experienced growth has slowed down, profits and losses increased to reduce the situation, which is 30 years of reform and opening up a rare phenomenon. The reason is mainly due to excessive dependence on foreign trade, RMB appreciation pressure and the negative impact of financial difficulties. Financing situation of SMEs in Zhejiang Province showed the current lack of effective demand, direct financing is limited, indirect financing channel is not smooth, long-term stable funding to the lack of status, limiting the further development of SMEs in Zhejiang Province.By reading a large number of foreign theorists on the settlement of the problem of financing SMEs in the research literature, I was a lot of inspiration, it is envisaged that the financing of SMEs through research and analysis system for some of the advanced experience of foreign countries to further explore the financing of SMEs in Zhejiang Province crack of the problem and to make a good environment for SMEs in Zhejiang Province to provide some valuable suggestions. SME Financing in Japan by analyzing the system, I think the Japanese "to the basis of legal norms to establish a special finance institutions and the corresponding security system for the protection. Direct financing and indirect financing to carry out the same time, the Government, civil society and SMEs, the three forces in combination of "SME financing system to improve the financing system for small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang Province has a reference.Recommends the following measures to improve the financing environment for SMEs:1.Strengthening the functions of government support2.Establish a sound legal system, legal protection for SME financing.3.Preferential policies for SME financing to provide the most direct benefits.4.Efforts to expand direct financing channels for SMEs.5.Perfect system of indirect financing.6.Establish and improve SME Credit Guarantee System.In short, by the government, law, financing sources, improve the security and other measures to establish small and medium enterprises, "sources diversified sources of socialization, market behavior," the financing system, will enable SME financing problem is effectively solved the problem. |
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