Research On The Calculation Theory And Method Of The External Cost Of The Transportation System In China

As the basis for national economy, transportation makes important effects on social harmony and development. But at the same time, it also plays negative roles in accident, noise, pollution and climate change. These negative effects not only threaten people's lives, but also cause huge economic losses.Those external costs make the transportation can not reach the most effective state in the community and severely restrict economic development in China. Therefore, the research on the calculation theory and method of the external costs of the transportation system and the reasonable monetary assessment of the externalities are significant meaningful for improving the efficiency of transportation resources, building environment-friendly transportation structure and promoting sustainable development of transportation, economy and environment.The theories of environmental science, economics, and gray system are applied in the calculation theory and methods of transportation system external costs in China. The main works of this thesis are as follows:(1) Based on the external theory and the development characteristics of transportation system, the four parts transportation external costs have been defined which are accidents, noise pollution, air pollution and climate change.(2) The evaluation indexes of external costs in five modes of transportation system have been established. Then, a calculation theory of external costs in transportation system has been built by appropriate monetary valuation method of external costs.(3) With the the existing statistics, a Chinese calculation method of external costs in transportation system has been built based on the calculation theory.External costs of traffic accidents calculated by three parts:direct economic loss, casualties loss and social service agencies loss. This thesis proposes and calculates the fixed baseline increments of the health outcomes affected by pollution in China, and then combines various methods such as the cost of disease method, willingness to pay method to measure the external costs of air pollution. External costs of noise pollution and climate change are calculated by reference method and avoidable cost method. (4) The total external costs and the average external cost in China transportation system have been calculated by the theory and method which established in this research based on the accessible data in 2005.