The Research On Uncertainty Accounting In New Accounting Standards

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in the objective world.Therefore the uncertainty has been research object of many disciplines.Knight systematic discussed uncertainties earliest. Then the emerging information economy made the uncertainty as the main target of research. Similarly in the accounting field, the history of the development of accounting is the one that people continuously control and avoid the uncertainty, so uncertainty is also inseparable with development of accounting.Particularly in recent years, financial liberalization has swept the world, which increases fierce market competition and the market risk. Due to tremendous changes in the economic environment, the uncertain businesses that the enterprise experience is becoming more and more. Therefore, the financial risks and operational risks are significantly increasing in the enterprise.So people attach great importance to the accounting treatments of such uncertain matters as asset impairment, financial instruments, and stock options.However, current accounting treatment of the uncertainties of economic business is still in the initial stage, and many problems demand further research. So there is very important practical significance to carry out the study of uncertainty accounting. On the one hand, it can help refine the science of accounting as soon as possible to establish the theoretical framework of uncertainty accounting, so that we can get better guidance on accounting practices in order to effectively reduce the uncertainty in accounting information system and provide a higher quality of accounting information for the information users.On the other hand, it also makes the accounting better meet the needs of economic development. Therefore the author chooses to study uncertainty accounting.This paper focuses on studying the accounting treatment of some more important and special uncertain economic matters in the recognition, measurement and disclosure of information.The thesis can be divided into four chapters.The main contents are as follows: First of all,this paper discusses the meaning of uncertainty from the perspective of economics,analyses the relationship of uncertainty and accounting from the origin and development of accounting, and analyses the uncertain question in accounting (mainly in terms of financial accounting), and explains the research motive of this text. In order to handle and reduce the uncertainty of the accounting, the scholars at home and abroad start to study accounting uncertainty. Then this part explains the concept of uncertainty accounting and discusses uncertainty accounting briefly. Uncertainty accounting has the following characteristics:accounting object oriented the future, using much more estimation and judgment method, the selection of present value and fair value measurement attribute, and accounting information disclosure of diversification. At the same time, the part also discusses the root causes of uncertainty in accounting; the causes involve subjective and objective reasons.Secondly, discussion is set off round accounting recognition, measurement and report of uncertain businesses. The part mainly analyses how to deal with the uncertain businesses in the new accounting standards. From two aspects of the basic accounting elements and special accounting elements, the part analyses the recognition of uncertain businesses in new accounting standards. What's more, the paper also puts forward some suggestions to solve the problems. For example, combined with relevant cases and data analysis, some principles of recognition, measurement and disclosure is put forward. For measurement is the most difficult problem in uncertainty accounting. This topic is emphasized in this part, analyzing the relation of five kinds of measurement attribute and mainly introducing the concept of fair value by analyzing the impact on earning of listed companies in using fair value measurement. As for this paper, fair value is looked as a kind of compound measurement attribute,which includes replacement cost, net realizable value, and present value.Therefore, due to the double accounting objective, accounting environment and the characteristics of uncertainty businesses, fair value is a best choice to measure the uncertain businesses in uncertainty accounting.What's more, the part concretely analyses the application and effect of fair value measurement. By analyzing the application situation of the fair value and the influence on enterprise performance in recent three years,we can get the merits and defects at using the fair value, so that in uncertainty accounting measurement, we can fully exert its advantages, effectively overcome the defects, and rationally use.Then according to the analysis of present disclosure situation of contingencies, the part summarizes the existing problems in the disclosure of uncertain businesses and puts forward some Suggestions for improvement. For example the enterprise should use many flexible way to report the achieving goodwill such as form, data, graphics and text etc,and don't need to strictly follow accounting procedures, which can make the accounting information user get intuitive understanding on achieving goodwill,and make more scientific decision.Finally, the paper points out some measures to control and decrease the uncertainty of accounting information. Because of the existence of uncertainty in uncertainty accounting, the quality of accounting information is affected. The part discusses the concept and the relation of the most important accounting qualitative characteristics-relevance and reliability at first. Then some advices is put foreword to deal with them, when relevance and reliability are in conflict. Then the paper discusses how to improve quality of accounting information, which is the ultimate purpose of studying uncertainty accounting. Finally the part puts forward some measures to reduce the uncertainty of accounting information:strengthen professional judgment of accountants and auditors, perfect fair-value accounting from financial environment, valuation techniques and audit supervision, etc, and strengthen the information disclosure of the uncertain businesses.This paper mainly has some contribution. For example, chapter 3 analyses the existing problems in the measurement and disclosure of uncertain businesses and puts forward some suggestions for improvement, according to the new accounting standards.The uncertain businesses mainly include intangible assets, goodwill, contingencies, and financial derivatives and so on. What's more, the paper discusses the feasibility of using fair value measurement in uncertainty accounting and point out that fair value is a best choice for uncertainty accounting. Finally the paper puts forward some principles that accountants should follow in the accounting process, when relevance and reliability are in the contradiction.