The Application Research On Ecotourism Sustainable Development Based On Stakeholder Theory

Nowadays, ecotourism has been gradually becoming a mainstream tourism around the world. Recently, administration departments at all levels and service sectors in tourism and the academic field have laid a strong emphasis on the exploitations and development of tourist attractions. In the development of tourist attractions, especially in ecological scenic areas, there usually are some connections with many stakeholders who seek for various or even contradictory interests in the management process. With flourishes of all kinds of profitable businesses in tourist attractions, the underlying interests have been floating on the surface, but problems regarding different stakeholders have also emerged, for example, neglecting the community interest demands, the limited benefit from the tourism development, the ineffective protection and supervision of scenic resources and environment, low-level buildings and landscape pollution. The Stakeholder Theory originated from management and then has gradually introduced into the field of tourism research. It is purposed to discuss how to develop a balance among stakeholders'benefits, and finally maximize their benefits in the tourism planning and management, The stakeholders'coordination and uniformity in the value preference play a key role in the course of tourism development.The conflicts and contradictions among the involved stakeholders such as the government departments, investors, community residents, tourists and other stakeholders are often happen in the income-creating process. In essence, these conflicts are the imbalance of the benefit distribution of different stakeholders, which reflects the conflict interest relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate the interests of tourist attractions rationally to coordinate and meet the needs, rights and expectation of various stakeholders in order to solve the problems and contradictions fundamentally in the development process. In addition, the effectiveness of the distribution of benefits is very closely related with the healthy operation of tourist attractions and stability development, and building a sustainable and harmonious operating environment.In this paper, the author make a detailed research focus on the heart of the most basic interests of the stakeholders which are government departments, tourism attractions investors, community residents and tourists based on stakeholder theory by combining with the status quo and actual operation of ecotourism attraction. In addition, the author also analyses their mutual relations and interests of their needs. What is more, the power and the allocation of the responsibility of scenic spots are also researched in the paper. Finally, the author brings up a sustainable distribution way of stakeholders in tourist attractions by utilizing the analysis tool of stakeholder power/interest matrix map. There are 4 main parts in the paper:(1) Introduction:In this part, the author mainly discusses the background of the theme, the purpose and significance and also the research methods and content. Simultaneously, the author presents the literature review both domestic research and overseas research in this part.(2) Theory basis:The author states stakeholder theory very clearly in this part, which includes the emergence of stakeholder, the concept of stakeholder, the rights and obligations, the relationship and the application of stakeholder theory. Besides, different stakeholders'interests and how to distribute the interests in a harmonious and reasonable way are also presented in this part.(3) Case study:This paper takes Sixi ecological tourism area as an example, and analyzes the application of stakeholder theory in ecotourism sustainable development.(4) Summary:In this part, the author summarizes the research results, analyzes the innovation and inadequate, and make future prospects of the research.