Uncertainty-based Supplier And Manufacturer's Cooperative R&D Investment Strategy Research

With the new product life cycles shorting,demand for diversity increasing and competition intensifing, the uncertainty of independent R&D grows and many companies have participated the cooperation of R&D。In the supply chain system, in order to reduce the cost of production of intermediate goods, the upstream supplier carried out the R&D activities, and it would inevitably lead to lower supply price to downstream manufacturers, allowing manufacturers to derive a certain degree of incremental profit。Therefore, in order to obtain a wider profit growth through the supplier's R&D, the manufacturers must share risk and cost with supplier to promote a greater degree of supplier innovation。On the other hand, forced by R&D financial pressure, supplier also requires manufacturers to bear some of the investment cost, and form strategic partnership with the manufacturers。The implementation of supply chain's cooperative mechanism, making the cost of production R&D feasibility threshold as well as profits and other indicators are optimized to help form a more competitive supply chain system。However, the supply chain members in the process of cooperation often have different objectives。In the pursuit of maximizing their own profits, the member enterprises often conflict with others as well as the system objectives。Therefore, in the Supplier and manufacturer collaboration of R&D investment, it not only have the inherent technology and market uncertainty, but also have the problem produced by consistency of collaborative parties' decision, making the uncertainty in the form of co-operation more complex, resulting a state of imbalance that reduced the efficiency of supply chain systems and the overall profit。Therefore, the in-depth studying of the supplier and manufacturers' cooperative R&D investment strategy, have the great theoretical and practical significance。At present, many scholars at home and abroad have studied the cooperative R&D strategy between enterprises, but most of them based on level (horizontal) cooperation。For example, as early as 1992, Kamien and others have studied the level of collaborative R&D model with spillover effects, analysed the relationship of technological progress and social welfare in four different modes of the R&D competition, R&D cartels, competitive R&D alliance, Qatar R&D alliance。In recent years, there has a small amount of literature on the phenomenon of vertical collaboration, but most literature lessly focused on pros and cons of the decision-making under the different modes of cooperation between the supplier and manufacturers and the difference of relevant indicators value, and few consider the distribution of whole system profits under the collaborative investment, or just simply focus on the bilateral monopoly market situation。There is little study on the supply chain which contains a supplier and two manufacturers。For example, Atallah (2002) considered two vertical pairs of oligopoly market, studied the different impact on business R&D spending and social welfare with different horizontal and vertical spillover coefficients in Kamiene and others' four competitive cooperation model, but it does not involve distribution of the collaborative profits。Banerjee, S (2001) discussed when upstream and downstream businesses jointly investing R&D, the different impact on ultimate earnings of the enterprises in different cost-sharing ways, but it did not explore the difference of overall profit and other indicators in different cooperation model。Zhong-Lei Gang, etc. (2005) through the establishment of profit distribution based on consultation pricing model, have given the profit distribution factor values of the single manufacturer and single retailer, however, compared with other R&D models, there is no depth studying on the collaborative aspects in the realization of the superiority of profit maximization。Therefore, based on the Stackelberg game model and the Cournot game model, this thesis would take the supplier and manufactures' collaborative R&D investment as the research masterstroke, on the basis of supply chain that contains a supplier and a manufacturer, expand to include a supplier and two manufacturers' supply chain system and respectively discuss under the two kinds of market structure, the supplier and manufacturers' dynamic decision-making process of the R&D investment under uncertainty。By comparing the indicators of output, production costs, the feasibility threshold value and profit etc. in the three situation of individual R&D investment, non-collaborative and collaborative R&D investment, illustrate that the collaborative model could increase output and achieve larger system profits, and could expand the scope of investment projects, and then apply the Shapley value method to obtain a feasible Pareto profit distribution program。Finally, In order to solve principal-agent problem of the supply chain, thesis use the principal-agent theory, and design the Game Matrix of proceeds based a kind of Penalty-Constraint mechanism combined with participation constraint。Furtherly given the numerical example, so that together prevent the occurrence of agent's covert action or covert information。...