Shule River Basin Landscape Dynamics Study

The landscape change is an investigative core in landscape ecology. As a sample of Shule River Basin, research on the landscape change, and analysis on ecosystem environment problem and driving factors to landscape change, and provide the valid basis on ecological security assessment and the landscape planning, and having the important meaning to the sustainable development to the Shule River Basin.With the Landsat TM imagines in 1987 and 2001 as the digital sources, the vector and grid maps of distributions of in the Shule River Basin were derived; the dynamics variation of the landscape in that basin was get on the platform of Arc/info 8.1 and ERDAS; and the forecast on the dynamic variation of landscapes in that basin was executed on the Matlab6.3; and the change of landscapes gravity center were calculated, and the analysis on the influence to the eco-environmental system in relation to the dynamic variation of landscapes; and the analysis on the driving factors to the Landscape variation. The results are as follows:1. In Shule River Basin, the farmland landscapes have increased greatly between 1987 and 2001,while in that period, the garden landscapes, the resident and industry landscapes, the Gobi and Sandy desert increased slightly, and other kinds of landscapes have decreased at any degree, the grassland has decreased greatly. From 1987 to 2001, the landscape pattern has an obvious trend of fragmentation, the Shannon's diversity index, landscape shape index and fractal dimension index become small. It is indicated that human activities has enhanced.2. In Shule River Basin, the landscapes mainly converted into the farmland, at the same time, the farmland converted into the grassland and the resident and industry land, the Gobi and Sandy desert are mainly from the farmland and grassland. It is indicated that the number of population have increased, and human activities has strenghed.3. the gravity center of all kinds of landscapes have changed at any degree, the change of the landscapes gravity center and the transition of landscape types in fourteen years were calculated; It is indicated that the increase in farmland is directlyto rising in utilization of water resources.4. The Markov forecasting show that, under the condition of the same disturbs between 1987 and 2001, other types all increased in addition to watershed, wetland and the Gobi and Sandy desert; the landscape compositions are irrational till the variation of the landscapes is stable, so the disturbs on the landscapes in the Shule River Basin must be regulated scientifically.5. In the past fifty years, a lot of changes have happened to water resources in Shule River Basin, and lead to a series of ecological environment problem, such as water quality worsening, plant decreasing, and the eco-environmental system becomes deteriorated.6. Human activities, specially in relation to water utilization and population increment, have gradual became the most active and dominant driving factors.