| With the rapid growth of motor vehicle population in Foshan city, the air pollution related to traffic is becoming more urgent, it not only deteriorates the ecological environment but also related to an increased risk of human health. The on-board GPS measurement system and video data collection instruments were applied to collect the driving cycle and the traffic flow in the real world by urban and suburb areas in Foshan city. The questionnaire method was also used to obtain the technology distribution of various types of vehicles. Based on the survey and test data, the international vehicle emission (IVE) model was used to calculate the emission factors of different types of vehicles and create the emission inventory, and then the study analyzed the traffic characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics.First of all, the study obtained 479,169 sets of driving cycle data through on-board GPS measurement system and 32,056 traffic flow data through video data collection instruments, and collected vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) data by investigating 5,130 various types of vehicles. The study compared the characteristics of traffic flow and percentage of vehicles in different city street grade. The results show that in the rush hours (8:00-10:00am and 16:00-18:00pm) the traffic flow per hour of arterial roads in urban areas and national trunk highway in suburb areas could reach 6000 and 5000; passenger car had the highest percentage (56.31%); the vehicle average speed of arterial,secondary and residential roads were 24.49km/h,21.64 km/h and 15.49 km/h; The vehicle average speeds in urban and suburb areas were 23 km/h and 31km/h.Then, the study employed Python software for calculating the driving cycle parameters and for simulating the driving cycles of normal light duty vehicles and motorcycles in urban areas, highways, and non-highways in suburb areas. The characteristics of driving cycle were analyzed and compared with typical European cities. A preliminary analysis indicates that the European Standard which is used in our country was very different from the actual driving cycle in Foshan city. The discrepancy of average speed and acceleration\deceleration was 17.26%~55.91%; the discrepancy of driving mode distribution was 25.1%~164.55%. The European driving cycle could not reflect the actual driving cycle exactly.In the end, the present states of vehicle type were surveyed to provide essential data for application of International Vehicle Emission (IVE) model to calculate vehicle emission factors and estimate emission inventory, then, this study analyzed the contribution of different vehicle types and street grades. The results show that the CO,VOC,NOX,PM and CO2 emissions of vehicles in 2007 of Foshan city were31.02×10~4t,4.67×10~4t,6.27×10~4t,0.6×10~4t and 926.1×10~4t; Light duty trucks were the main emission source of CO,VOC and CO2, with the contribution of 26.15%,38.94% and 47.49%; Heavy duty trucks were the main emission source of NOX and PM, with the contribution of 34.85% and 36.31%. Different street grades had a certain impact to vehicle emissions; the emission factor in residential roads was the largest of the 3 street grades. The contributions of arterial roads in urban areas and non-highways in suburb areas were larger than the other road types. |
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