Application Of Deep Eutectic Solvents In Organicsynthesis

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Chemistry in recent years become hot chemistries. Organic solvents usually are required in organic synthesis and industrial applications duing to it can favorably dissolve the organic reactant so that the reactant molecules are uniformly dispersed in the solution and stably exchange energy. However, the toxicity and volatile of organic solvents, which are difficult to recover, make them harmful for environment. So developing a cost effective and environmentally benign solvent system is of utmost importance in green chemistry. Deep eutectic solvent(DES) is low price, simple preparation process, low toxicity, biocompatibility, non-volatile, stable in water, easy to design and modification, etc., whereby it meets the requirements of green chemistry.A series of 3-acetyl-phenyl-2-butene amide derivatives were obtained by reaction of acetoacetanilides and aldehydes in high yields at 70 oC in Ch Cl/oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvent plays the double role of being solvent and catalyst. And oxalic acid and choline are relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, biodegradable and can be recycled.Pharmacological activities of dihydropyrimidine derivatives aroused widespread concern, which can be applied in calcium antagonists, antihypertensive agents, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, fungicidal, bactericidal and so on. We used a series of aldehyde compounds to synthesize dihydropyrimidine derivatives with high yields in Ch Cl/urea deep eutectic solvent. In this process, Ch Cl/urea plays the triple role of being solvent, catalyst and reagent.Xanthene compounds have diverse biological activities and therapeutic properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity and photodynamic therapy. They also have been applied in dyes, biological molecules visualization materials and laser technology. We used 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione and a series of aldehydes compounds to obtain a series of xanthene compounds with high yields in Ch Cl/Ita acid deep eutectic solvent. Simple purification method makes the deep eutectic solvents available.This paper reviews the deep eutectic solvents in organic synthesis in recent years. We use choline chloride, oxalic acid, urea and itaconic acid to formulate deep eutectic solvents. The studies found, in the synthesis of 3-acetyl-2-butene amide derivatives of benzene, dihydropyrimidine derivatives and xanthene compounds, deep eutectic solvents increase the yields and shorten the reaction time, decrease environmental pollution. They are non-toxic, biodegradable, in line with the requirements of green chemistry.