Impact Of The Sino-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline Project On Ecological Environment Of The Swamp Wetland Along The Pipeline

This paper studies two typical swamp wetlands along the Mehe-Daqing oil pipeline, to analyze the impact characteristics of pipe-laying on soil nutrient and water chemistry of the swamp wetland along the pipeline by continuous sampling of the soil and、water、species composition and the biodiversity.The results are as follows:(1) The concentration of soil organic matters which are within 10m away from the pipeline have dropped significantly (p<0.05), among which the 0-10 cm soil layer in Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp decreased by 35.53% and 10-20 cm soil decreased by 54.06%,0-10 cm soil layer in Larix gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum-sphagnum swamp decreased by 32.74% and 10-20 cm soil decreased by 26.31%.(2) After the pipeline laying, the concentration of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium (10-20 cm soil layer) showed an fluctuation decline trend with the short distance to pipeline, and effective phosphorus, total potassium (0-10 cm soil layer), available potassium presented an fluctuation rise trend, especially for the 0-10 cm soil layer above the pipeline of Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp, among which the concentration of total nitrogen and available nitrogen declined by 85.58% and 86.17% respectively, total phosphorus declined by 82.94%, and total potassium and available potassium raised by 1.40 times and 2.10 times respectively, effective phosphorus in 10-20 cm soil layer raised by 78.22% which had been most affected.(3) The impact of the laying of pipeline project on Ca2+and Mg2+had reached an obvious level (P<0.05) on the 0-10 cm soil layer above the pipeline, with Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp declined the most by 56.73% and 45.80% respectively, Larix gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum-sphagnum swamp declined the smaller by 24.20% and 25.52% respectively.The concentration of Fe in soil trace nutrient elements had been most affected by the laying of pipeline, among which the concentration of Fe in 10-20 cm soil layer above the pipeline of Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp increased by up to 9.23 times than in 25 m soil layer above the pipeline. The concentration of Cu2+in soil of Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp increased by up to 1.30 times (10-20cm), The concentration of Zn2+only 21.11% of 25 m soil layer above the pipeline (10-20cm), The effect of soil trace nutrient elements in Larix gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum-sphagnum swamp is relatively weak.(4) In water of the two typical swamp wetlands,the concentration of K+、Mg2+、Fe、 F-、Cl- showed an fluctuation decline trend with presented an fluctuation rise trend,the concentration of Ca2+、Zn2+、NO3- presented an fluctuation rise trend,in the Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp, The impact of the laying of pipeline project on K+ and Mg2+ had reached an obvious level (P<0.05) and Increased by up to 1.00 times, F-、 Cl- don’t had reached an obvious level; Zn2+had reduction of 33%, NO-3don’t had reached an obvious level. the concentration of K+had more affected by the laying of pipeline with rising 1.47 times in Larix gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum-sphagnum swamp, Cl-increased the minimum and NO; decreased most with 57.14%, the concentration of Ca2+don’t had reached an obvious level, the concentration of Cu2+had least affected (P>0.05)(5) Pipeline construction changed the original dominant species of pipeline above, the biomass and the vegetation coverage was significantly reduced In the Calamagrostis Angustifoli-Carexlanceolata Boott swamp, Ajuga Linn Instead of Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom and Carex lanceolata as dominant species, the richness index of operational region was similar with non-operational region but with higher Pielou index, the interference region has the lowest richness index, but has a higher Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index. In the Larix gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum-sphagnum swamp, the dominant species of pipeline above were Betula fruticosa and Vaccinium uliginosum, Larix gmelinii are rarely seen, operational region has the higher richness index than non-operational region, Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index of shrub were significantly lower than those of non-operational region, the Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index of herb were similar with non-operational region and Small differences in the Pielou index.