| Sea cucumber is a traditional healthy food with various types of bioactive substances. Apostichopus japonicas is one of the best quality and high economic value species among edible sea cucumbers in China. Sea cucumber price varies from different origins and culture ways. However, comparative analysis of content and composition of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicas) polysaccharides from different origins has not been well documented. In this paper, sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicas) from four origins and two culture ways were used as raw materials, polysaccharides were extracted by papain, and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography of the polysaccharides were purified. The structure and compositions of purified polysaccharide were analyzed by infrared spectral and precolumn derivatization HPLC, respectively. The results were as follows:1. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in the content of proximate composition(protein, ash, fat and carbohydrates), polysaccharides and monosaccharide compositions(fucose and uronic acid) among origins and culture ways. The proximate composition and polysaccharides content of captive farming sea cucumbers, except ash, were significantly higher than deep sea farming sea cucumbers(P<0.05).2. Crude polysaccharides of sea cucumber were extracted with the method of papain. The polysaccharides and protein content of crude polysaccharides from different origins and culture ways were from 57.28% ro 64.67% and 14.27% to 16.13%, respectively. The extraction rate and extraction efficiency ranged from 3.95% to 8.74% and 27.07% to 60.94%, respectively.3. The crude polysaccharides of captive farming sea cucumbers from different origins was purified by utilizing DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and three fractions(peak 1, peak 2, peak 3) were obtained. The rates of peak 3 were the highest among the three peaks, and they were in the range of 34.85% to 39.36%.4. The structures of peak 1, peak 2 and peak 3 were analyzed by infrared spectral, the result indicated that three compositions from the four origins showed characteristic absorption peak of Methyl(fucose), acetylamino, carboxylic acid group and sulfuric acid group. The sulfation substitute positions of galactosamine and fucose in different peaks were different, peak 1 and peak 3 were at C4 position. There was α- Anomer C-H deformation vibration structure in polysaccharide ring in peak 1 and peak 3, and the structure of peak 3 was relatively complex. β-D- galactopyranose or β-D- glucose pyranose was detected in peak 3 in Yantai and Qingdao, but not detected in other origins.5. Precolumn derivatization HPLC was adopted, and the monosaccharide compositions of peak 2 and peak 3 from captive farming sea cucumber in different origins were determined. Seven kinds of monosaccharides were detected in all the peaks except peak 2 in Qingdao and Dalian. The contents of glucuronic acid, galactosamine and fucose were higher in peak 3, therefore, the peak 3 was presumed to be chondroitin sulfate by taking C4 position sulfation substitute of fucose intoconsideration. The content of fucose, galactosamine and glucuronic acid were the top three prodominant monosaccharides in peaks 2 and peak 3 of polysaccharides in four captive farming sea cucumber.6. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in the contents of monosaccharide of both peak 2 and peak 3. The total contens of fucose and glucuronide in peak 2 and peak 3 from Qingdao sea cucumber were the highest, the total content of galactoas in peak 2 and peak 3 from Putian sea cucumber were the highest, and the content of total monosaccharide in peak 2 and peak 3 from Qingdao sea cucumber were the highest. The proportion of glucuronic acid, fucose and galactosamine in the purified polysaccharides of four origins(Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao and Putian) were 0.77:1.00:1.70, 0.90:1.00:1.60, 0.88:1.00:2.30 and 0.68:1.00:1.10, respectively. |
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