| Due to the excellent properties, metal material has been extensively used, which resultsin inevitable environmental risk.In recent years, heavy metal contaminants in water becomepublic nuisance because of frequent accidents and their extensive contaminatedarea.Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the water quality characteristics to establishscientific index, and thus for the fast and efficient water quality monitoring.However,antimony, a heavy-metal element with high biological toxicity, has been paid less attention toits monitoring in water. And its monitoring is difficult. With more and more widely used indifferent fields, the influence of antimony residues in the environment increasingly significant,that encourage people pay more attention to explore the monitoring methods of antimony.Beijiang River is one of the most important rivers in Guangdong, that has wide coveringarea and enormous sphere of influence, the monitoring of Beijiang River water quality is ofgreat significance.In the second chapter, the study was conducted with GuangdongEnvironment Monitoring Center. The polluting situation of heavy metals in water wasdescribed by the year data analysis, taking Pingshi, Gaoqiao these two monitoring points asexample of Beijiang River. The temporal and spatial trends of heavy metals in Beijiang Riverand the relativity correlative of heavy metals levels and basic water quality parameters werelisted. And among four kinds of metal, the concentration of lead and cadmium were higheraround Pingshi while the concentration of zinc and copper were higher around Gaoqiao. Thevarying tendency of four kinds of metal with the time and period was different with eachother. The basic water quality parameters had significant influence on the concentration of themetals. Among them, permanganate index and dissolved oxygen had significant influence onthe concentration of most metals, which illustrated that the distribution of heavy metals inwater and content of organic matter had close relationship. With the results of factor analysisand principal component analysis, the formation of characteristics of heavy metal in waterwas illustrated, and conductivity and copper were extracted as the two indicators mostimpacted on the overall water quality characteristics, the preliminary water quality index canbe built according to them.In the third chapter, in order to solve problem that the standard level of antimony is lowand it is difficult to realize direct on-line monitoring by conventional instruments(chaptertwo), a novel method for the manual analysis of antimony in lab was developed——ionicliquid-based single drop microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorptionspectrometry(GFAAS). In this method, ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate [C4mim][PF6], was used as an alternative to volatile organic solvents forextraction. Various factors affecting microextraction efficiency and GFAAS signal wereinvestigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit(3s) was 0.01μg L-1 for Sb(III), the enrichment factor was 112. The relative standard deviation(RSD) forseven replicate determinations of 0.5 μg L-1 Sb(III) was 4.2%. The developed method wasapplied to the determination of Sb(III) and total Sb in water samples with satisfactory results.In the forth chapter, based on the previous work, the further study on the determinationof oxalate by ion chromatography was conducted. A simple, rapid method was developed forthe determination of oxalate in urine samples in the presence of ascorbic acid. Under theestablished conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.2-40 mg L-1 withcorrelation coefficient of 0.999. The detection limit was 0.02 mg L-1. The average recoveriesof oxalate in urine samples were in the range of 95.6%-105.9 %. |
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