| With the development of economy, the problem of energy and environment has become increasingly concerned, and the efforts to develop new energy sources as well as the effective use of existing mineral resources. In this paper, using LDO catalyst catalyze biodiesel preparation from the waste food oil, with the low cost of raw materials, catalyst with high efficiency, high degree of purity of products; as for the waste mineral oil regeneration, LDO with more effective decolorization rate than the common adsorbents, because LDO can removal the colloid, asphaltene and colored macromolecules.In experiment of preparation of biodiesel, aiming at the high acid value, moisture of waste food oil, this research pretreatment the oil for removal of water and reduce the acid value; aiming the active ingredients are dissolvable in polar solvent, the catalyst lifetime is short, this research mainly studied some solid base catalysts which own higher catalysis ability and longer lifetime. Based on a catalyze theor y and the thermodynamic data, a kinetic model was proposed. Then, a new technology of biodiesel producing using solid base as a catalyst was developed.The study objects and results are as follows. Firstly, Ca Al/LDO, Ca Fe/LDO, Ca Fe Al/LDO were produced, and the physical and chemical characterizations were measured, such as XRD, FTIR, ICP and particles size distribution. The characterization of catalysts was indicated that Ca Fe Al/LDO could close combination oxide of Ca, Al and Fe. The results showed that the optimum conditions are a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 6% weight ratio of catalyst to oil, 65 o C, 60 min of reaction time, the biodiesel yield reached 93%. A macro-kinetic equation for the methyl esterification of waste food oil was established based on the equation of curve fitted by Origin software, the experimental results show that there action order of methyl esterification of waste food oil is 1.2, the reaction activation energy is 26.79 k J/mol and frequency factor is 2.5×104 mol/L/min.In waste mineral oil experiment part, decoloration using LDO was found to be an adequate method for waste mineral insulating oil re-refining, according to the application properties of the re-refined oil. Waste lubricating oil adsorption process at different LDO adsorbent materials was investigated, such as Ca Al/LDO, Ca Fe/LDO, Ca Fe Al/LDO and Mg Al/LDO. The acid-refined/adsorption process was able to deposit the asphaltenic and metallic contaminants from the waste oil.It was found that the Ca Fe Al/LDO powder was able to give the best decolorization ratio(93%) for treating the waste oil, compared with other LDO in this study. The decolorization temperature, the amount of LDO and decolorization time’s influence on yield and performance of regeneration oil was discussed. The best Ca Fe Al/LDO decolorization conditions were this: decolorization temperature 60 oC, 6% adsorbent dosage, 30 min reaction time. The adsorption of waste mineral oil on Ca Fe Al/LDO obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the Ca Fe Al/LDO indicated that the chroma of waste oil drop to 0.9. After LDO refining, viscosity, viscosity index, acid value, ash content, and mechanical impurities content of regeneration oil conforms to requirements, the regeneration oil can be used as lubricant base oil. |
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