Amantadine Synthesis

The adamantane has special physical and chemical properties. It can apply in areas ofrefined chemistry and medicine production. The adamantane's poor reactivity makes itdifficult to put into practical use. The probable reactions of the adamantane, for examplehalogenation,alcoholization,nitrationa and oxidation, are summarized. The mechanism ofadamantane's chemical reactions,which make the further application of the adamantinecome true,is also discussed.The Amantadine, the derivative of adamantane, also names tricycle[3.3.1.1^3,7) decane-1-amine, and is widly applicated in medicine, most mainly on the anti- viral aspect. Theadamantane and its the derivatives are mainly usded on the medicine to make special effectmedicine. The property of fat dissolution of adamantine makes it can be easly to synthesizemany new kings of medicine from adamantane. Amantadine symmetrel is used as anti-viral medicine for a long time in clinical to treat the disease of upper respiratory tractinfection caused by flu virus,and also used to treat the blood vessel of brain barriersickness and old age dementia. The cephalosporin that has adamantine skeleton is one kindof new antibiotics,which may enhance the medicine density and the absorptive quality inblood,and its pharmacology performance surpasses the penicillin.The simple introduction of application and characteristics of adamantane andamantadine have been made and synthetic methods of 1-Aminoadamantane have beenreviewed.The nitration of adamantine are carried on in many methods such as soil typecatalyst, the ion exchange resin catalyst, the metal oxide compound and the metal saltcatalyst, nitric- sulfuric acid mixture nitration,and bromine halogenation and etc. Theoxidation of adamantane by nitric-sulfuric acid mixture nitration yield 1-nitrateadamantanein high conversion rate and the yield is 90% in methylene chloride at 25℃. Latter carriedon the amination substitution to produce the amantadine, the result of this step was notvery ideal, the yield was only 50%.It is a new way of synthesising amantadine.