Investigations On Basic Characteristics Of Atmospheric Particles Of Open-sources

The hypsography of Jinan is southern high and northern low-lying, like a salver, which is not conducive to diffuse the air pollutants. In this paper, Yellow River sand, construction dust, building demolition waste, soil dust, road dust and coal dust were selected as the experimental materials, which made large contributions to Jinan's atmospheric particles. And the basic characteristics of atmospheric particles of open-sources were studied in Jinan.By the means of the advanced analysis methods, such as laser particle size, ion chromatography(IC), inductance coupled plasma atomism emission spectrum(ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy(SEM-EDX), elemental analysis, and other modern methods, the composing, physical and chemical characteristics of Jinan's atmospheric particles were studied. Then the source component spectrum of experimental samples which 10μm below and 2.5μm below were established, and characteristic analysis of source component spectrum were carried through.The results showed that the particles from experimental materials were more and more small size. The median diameter of coal dust was the minimum and Yellow River sand was the maximal, which showed the particle of coal dust was fine and Yellow River sand was coarse. The density of construction dust was 3.26 g/cm3, and coal dust was 2.43 g/cm3, which were the maximal and the minimum, but the rest angle of coal dust was the biggest of 30°. The relative moisture content of construction dust was the highest of 3.40%, and Yellow River sand was the lowest of 0.59%, but the wetting character of Yellow River sand was the strongest, which belonged to a strong hydrophilic dust, and building demolition waste was the smallest. The smaller the particles, the shape would be much regular. The particles of coal dust were mostly spherical particles, Yellow River sand were more irregular, and road dust present regular and irregular particles. In the six kinds of open-sources, the content of anions in PM2.5 was far more than that of PM10, at the same time, the content of SC₄^2- was significantly higher than that of C1^- and NO₃^-. And the content of inorganic elements had obvious differences in the six sorts of open-sources, in general, the earth crust's element's content was high. In building demolition waste, the element of Ca was able to carry at the highest 50.57%, and the most harmful elements like Fe, Zn, Pb had higher levels in road dust. At the mention of total carbon, was the highest in road dust, followed by coal dust, soil dust least.The source component spectrum was made up of seventeen kinds of inorganic elements, two types of carbons and three sorts of anions. The basis in PM₁₀ was between 69% and 80%, and between 67% and 81% in PM2.5, which showed that PM₁₀ and PM2.5 had huge comparability. The characteristic element of open-sources: Yellow River sand was Fe, construction dust and building demolition waste were Ca, soil dust was Si, road dust was TC and coal dust was Al.