Study On Developing High-effection Liquid Organic Fertilizers

The decrease of microbial diversity and function of the soil was caused by excessive using of chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticides,resulting in a vicious cycle of agricultural production."compost tea",a liquid extract from composted material,not only contains many beneficial microorganisms which can rapidly benefit plant growth,and it had more advantages of easy to be maded and applicated via existing irrigation or spray equipment,so it can be made to liquid fertilizer.In this paper,cattle manure and corn stalks were selected as raw materials,under different treatment,compost tea was made and applied on crops,the optimal fermentation condition of brewing compost tea,the best concentration applying it and the best additive to it were obtained finally.The main results were as follows:(1) The condition of brewing compost teas was studied,and the results showed that the optimal ratio of compost and water was 1:5,the aeration rate was 0.175 L·h^-1, the brewing time was 2d.(2) Low concentration of compost tea was beneficial to the germination and growth of tomato seeds,while high concentration of it inhibited seed germination and shoot growth,the optimal concentration of the compost tea was 20%for seedling tomato,60%for adult tomato.(3) The effect of compost tea was enhanced after adding additive.The best additive to cattle compost tea was penicillin,followed by bacteria,fermented bean dregs,humic acid,and worms.(4) Similar to compost tea,low concentration of biogas fluid was beneficial to the germination and growth of cabbage and eggplant seeds,while high concentration of it inhibited seed germination and shoot growth,the optimal concentration of the compost tea was 10%-30%.(5) The effect of compost tea was better than that of biogas fluid,but its application effect decreased after sterilization.It was showed that there were the benificial microbes in the compost tea.(6) The growth of Pakchoi was improved by using compost tea and the performance was strengthened by adding additives to it.The penicillin,which has more nutrition,was best additive.(7) The number of microbes in the soil was increased after using compost tea with different additives,especially the number of bacteria and actinomycetes.Except compost teas with the bacteria and worms,the number of fungi in the soil was little changed.(8) The chlorophyll content,theβ-1,3-glucanase activity and the chitinase activity of Pakchoi's leaves were improved after spraying compost tea,which would enhance the plant stress resistance,and the effect of compost tea was enhanced by adding additives.