Group Interaction Of Synthetic Graphite Of Nano-carbon And Carbon-based Composite Materials

In this paper, inexpensive materials, including ions-exchanged resins, waste and extracts of the natural renewable agricultural forestry crops with polar functional groups were selected as the raw material of carbon. Fe, Co, Ni metal salts were used as the resource of catalysts and magnetic particles. The polar functional groups of carbon source coordinate with metal ion, ultimately forming the carbon nanostructures with different micro morphology. On the basis of coordination action of the carbon resource host with metal ions, certain catalyst ions and functional ions guests can be introduced into the carbon backbone simultaneously, and finally, the carbon-based composite materials could be obntained through in-situ synchronous synthesis route. he characterizations of XRD, TEM, TG and FT-IR were used to study the decomposition of functional groups on the carbon matrix, graphitized and morphology evolution process of carbon nanostructures. Moreover, the intrinsic relationship between the catalyst and the carbon nanostructures was also researched. Furthermore, we have investigated the applications of the different carbon-based composite in the fields of sterilization, adsorption/separation and fuel cells.The main contents of this paper as follows:1. We demonstrated that the ion-exchange resins could act as useful carbon source for preparing graphitic carbon nanostructures (GCNs). The success was attributed to the variety of structures and the exchanged ability of ion-exchange resins. The results showed that the morphology of GCNs could be tuned by rationally selecting ion-exchange resins and metal ions based on a "charge matching" principles. More specifically, the graphitic carbon nanosheets, nanocapsules, nanobelts and nanorods could be controllable prepared from different ion-exchange resins-metal ions complexes. Additionally, the possible formation mechanisms of two typical nanostructures,2-D graphitic carbon nanosheets and hollow graphitic carbon nanocapsules, were proposed based on the experimental results. Moreover, we invested the application of the magnetic particles/carbon nanostructure for adsorption and separation of Rhodamine B.2. We developed a novel "in-situ self-generating template route" for preparing both singe-layer and few-layer graphene with high-throughput and good crystalline based on coordination and carburization effect of Fe+ions in polyacrylic weak-acid cation-exchanged resin (AC resin). The introduction of plentiful Fe2+into the AC resin framework and the formation of cementite are two crucial factors for the fabrication of graphene nanostructure. A rational mechanism about the formation of graphene was proposed based on a series of the control experiments. Moreover, the as-prepared graphene could act as excellent support for Pt catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell, as shown by higher current and better stability of Pt/graphene catalyst.3. A facile method was adopted to prepare various carbon-based composites by tuning the interaction of between the carbon precursor (corn stalks) and metal ions. The results showed that the Ag/nanocarbon composite could be obtained by coordinating the Ag+ions with the corn stalks followed by carbonization. Functional components, such as WC and Mo2C, could combine with GCs to obtain corresponding carbon-based composites at the same time by introducing the ion source of graphitization catalyst together with that of the functional components into the carbon source matrix followed by carbonization. The application of magnetic particle/GC and Ag/nanocarbon composites as an antibacterial reagent was also demonstrated. Moreover, the Pt-WC/GCs composite presents a higher electrocatalytic activity toward methanol electrooxidation than the Pt/Vulcan electrocatalyst prepared in the same conditions.4. A simple process was developed to fabricate graphitic nanocarbons (GCs) and carbon-based composites using the interaction of the carbon precursor (glucose) with metal ions. The results showed that the magnetic particle/GC composites could be obtained by combining the ionic graphitization catalyst (Ni, Co, Fe) with the glucose followed by carbonization. The GCs were achieved by treating the magnetic particle/GC composites with hydrochloric acid. The structures of the GCs and the magnetic particles could be tuned by changing the experimental parameters. Functional components, such as WC and Mo2C, could combine with GCs to obtain corresponding carbon-based composites at the same time by introducing the ion source of graphitization catalyst together with that of the functional components into the carbon source matrix followed by carbonization. The application of magnetic particle/GC and Ag-magnetic particle/GC composites as a sorbent and an antibacterial agent, respectively, was also demonstrated. Moreover, the WC/GCs and Mo2C/GCs composites have the potential application in the field of direct methanol fuel cell catalyst supports.