The Thermodynamic Properties Of The Electromotive Force Of Alkali Metal (sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium) Chloride In Alcohol (glycol, Glycerol) - Water Mixed Solvents

There has been a growing interest in the investigation of the thermodynamic properties of alkali metal halides, for example, the mean activity coefficients, osmotic coefficients and the standard Gibbs free energy of transference. In order to extensify the data of thermodynamic properties, this thesis researched the thermodynamic properties of alkali metal chlorides (NaCl/KCl/RbCl/CsCl) in ethylene glycol/glycerol-water mixed solvents using EMF method.In our expariments, the following galvanic cells without liquid junction were established: Na-ISE|NaCl(m),alcohol(Y),water(100-Y)|AglAgCl K-ISE|KCl(m),alcohol(Y),water(100-Y)|AglAgCl Rb-ISE|RbCl(m),alcohol(Y),water(100-Y)|AglAgCl Cs-ISE|CsCl(m),alcohol(Y),water(100-Y)|AglAgClIn the cells, cathodes were sodium/potassium/rubidium/cesium ion-selective electrodes, and the Ag-AgCl electrode was used as the anode. Alcohol expresses the ethylene glycol and glycerol in experiment; m was the molality of NaCl/KCl/RbCl/ CsCl in the mixed solvents, and Y was the wt.% of ethylene glycol/glycerol in the mixture.The systems of NaCl/KCl/RbCl/CsCl-ethylene glycol-H2O at 278.15 to 308.15 K, and the NaCl/KCl/RbCl/CsCl-glycerol-H2O systems at 298.15 K were investigated. The molalities of NaCl/KCl/RbCl/CsCl were up to about 1.6 mol·kg-1,and ethylene glycol/glycerol contents ranged from 10 to 40%.The experimental data were fitted to extended Debye-Huckel and Pitzer equations. Ion interaction parameters and the mean activity coefficients of sixteen systems were calculated well.Meanwhile, the osmotic coefficients, the standard Gibbs free energy of transference and excessive free energy of investigated systems were also calculated.