| The architectural contents, a large variety of schools and styles and various aesthetic emotions are all expressed by means of particular forms. Exactly as writers express their emotions by words, architects visualize their conceptions by forms. Consequently, the mastery and application of formal construction approaches is fore and foremost to all architects.That above question has evoked widespread attention from the architectural circle and even the whole society since 1980s. But relatively insufficient are the scientific analyses and systematic study of its expression principles and operation methods from multi-aspects and multi-layers.In such a background, we intend to adopt the specific experiments of Gaesita psychology as the overall theoretical framework, precede from the angle of expressing formal characteristics of architectures, select "clarity and expression" ( an approach to handling formal construction ) as our subject and then make a rational analysis of the expression principles and operation methods of the formal construction of various architectures.Firstly, an understanding has been obtained by describing and interpreting Gaesita psychological experiments: 1) Objects with "distinctive features" always conform to the "simplification" tendency of visual cognition. Such objects can make people calm and comfortable without any tense or suppressed feelings. 2) To intensify the characteristics of objects is exactly to master their "inherent characteristics". Such characteristics may be formally "potential" or "inconspicuous" but their realization can be carried out through the clear expression of visual properties and its organizational relationships. These inspirations can also be helpful and applicable to architectural forms.Secondly, the understanding and description of architectures' formal characteristics and the further analyses of how to intensify their distinctive features have revealed the following results: the visual properties of composing ingredients and the "clarity and expression" of the organizational relationships are the keys to architects who are dealing with the architectures' formal characteristics. The concept of "clarity and expression" of architectural forms can be defined in the following way: when dealing with the formal construction, with the mastery of the architectures' specific conditions and conceived intentions, we should 1) comb, rearrange and clarify the visual properties and their organizational relationships of the various ingredients composing the forms; 2) fully realize such clarities by virtue of the certainization of visual properties and the orderization of organizational relationships; 3) finally enable specific architectural forms to bear distinctive features.In the application of the "clarity and expression" principle, there exists a relatively apparent process of thinking and operating. In such a process "analysis" is the premise; "clarity" and "expression" are two crucial segments closely related to each other."Analysis" means, on the basis of completely mastering the specific conditions and conceptions of the design, defining the formal characteristics as "the operation subject". Doing so can help us obtain the focalization in the combing and rearranging process as well as avoid the blindness in the application procedures."Clarity" means, on the basis of the "operation subject", selecting the contents related to the characteristics to be expressed as "the conspicuous points". It can make the formal expression more orderly, more systematic and more logical inherently."Expression" means, on the basis of "clarity", enabling the "conspicuous points" in the "clarity" process to be fully realized and displayed by means of the certainization of visual properties and the orderization of organizational relationships.As a combination of arts and technologies, the field of architecture is built on some basis and is also confined and controlled by various elements. It is by no means a random processing or rigging-up of pictures. In the app... |
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