| The article took Xuhui district of Shanghai for example, discussed the distribution features of soil animals in three different land use types——farmland, deserted field and green space. During the period of research, 3863 individual faunas belonging to 27 genera are collected. The number and genus in green space are most abundant. In green space, 2794 individual faunas belonging to 24 genera are collected, and the number of individuals is up to maximum in October of 595 ones, down to minimum in September of 205 ones, the number of genera up to maximum in November of 19 types, to minimum in January of 13 types. In farmland, 707 individual soil animals belonging to 19 genera are collected, which are less than those in green space. The number of soil animals in this land use type reaches maximum in October, down to minimum in December, the number of genera up to maximum in September, minimum in December. The number of soil animals in deserted field is 362 which is the smallest in three land use types, and reaches maximum in October, minimum in January. The number of genera in deserted field is 16, and shows most abundant in October of 14 kinds, smallest in December of 7 kinds. In farmland, the dominant genera are Collembola and Oligchaeta, Psocoptera and Homoptera(L) are special genera. The dominant genera are Nematoda, Diptera(L), Acarina and Collembola in deserted field. In green space, Enchytraeidae and Collembola are dominant genera, and the special genera are Crustacea, Hemiptera, Symphyla, Diplura, Diplopoda, Blattoptera and Pseudoscorpionida. Enchytraeidae and Collembola maybe the dominant genera in this area, but the dominance of the former is smaller than that of the later. The evenness index of the communities is the highest in deserted field during the period of research except December. The dominance index of farmland and green space are all higher than that of deserted field except December, and the diversity index behaves complex, not having obvious rules. Among three sample fields which stands for three different land use types, the composition of soil animals are most similar between farmland and deserted field, with Jaccard index reaching 0.75, and the Jaccard index between farmland and green space is 0.54, between deserted field and greenspace is 0.60. These show that the degrees of similarity between vegetation field and green space, deserted field and green space are moderate. In three sample fields, the feature of vertical distribution of soil animals is obvious. The abundance of number and genus are apparent in layer of A , and there isn't evident difference between layer B and C.The number of soil animals changes in accordance with soil temperature from October to next March. The highest temperature of soil during research is in September, and the lowest appears in January which accords with the smallest soil animal number, the biggest number of soil animals doesn't show in September, but in October. These phenomena show that temperature too high or too low all influence the number of animals, and the endurance of soil animals to low temperature is higher than that of high temperature. Although the temperatures of three layers decrease with the depth of soil, the responses of soil animas in different soil depth of different land use types don't show the same tendency. In farmland, the number of soil animals in layer A changes with the temperature of same layer from September to March, but the numbers of layer B and C in January are higher than those in November and December, and the numbers decrease with the rising of temperature in March, which is opposite to the change of layer A. In deserted field, the numbers of soil animals in layer A and B change with the temperatures accordingly except September, but number of layer C reduced in March. In green space, the numbers of soil animals in three layers change in accordance with temperatures from September to March, and tendencies of layer B and C are more moderate. Because the soil animals are only divided into class or genus, th... |
PDF Full Text Request