Influence Of Ecological Conditions And Cultivation Factors On The Quality Traits Of Potato Tubers

Potato is an important food crop,raw material of light industry and fine fodder.Its wider application is closely related to the quality of tubers.The quality of potato largely depends on ingredients and their contents in tubers,including starch,proteins, sugars,vitamins and so on.The content of each ingredient is controlled by ecological growing conditions as well as genetic basis.To study the influence of different ecological conditions and cultivation factors on quality traits of potato tubers,will not only help to find out the relationship between tubers quality and environmental factors and the mechanisms,but also well guide the introduction of potatoes.Most areas of Gansu province are under arid and semi-arid climate.There are many natural conditions such as cool climate,great temperature difference between day and night, enough light hours and high radiation,loose soil and rich in potassium nutrition,mass rainfall in July,August and September and so on are very suitable for the growth and development of potato.But complex topography in Gansu province make ecological conditions and cultivation factors much different between different areas,which will affect the quality of cultivated potato tubers.The influence of ecological conditions and cultivation factors on potato quality traits such as specific gravity,dry matter content,starch content,ratio of amylopectin to amylose,productivity of granules and flakes,water-soluble proteins content, reducing sugars content and vitamins content in Liren,Hejiagou and Shilibu of desert-oasis irrigated area was investigated.The results showed that the average level of specific gravity,starch content,ratio of amylopectin to amylose,water-soluble proteins content,reducing sugars content and vitamins content in potato tubers have significantly different in these three locations,while the average level of dry matter content and productivity of granules and flakes have no significant differences.The highest starch content of tubers was observed in the lowest altitude in Shilibu.The ecological conditions of the highest altitude decreased accumulation of tuber starch in Liren.Excessive irrigation increased reducing sugars content to max in potato tubers in Hejiagou.Maximum inorganic fertilizers leaded to the highest average water soluble proteins content in tubers in Hejiagou.The lowest mean temperature diminished the accumulation of water-soluble proteins in Liren.No organic fertilizers application and no prevention of insect pests may be the main reasons of the lowest average vitamins content of potato tubers harvested in Shilibu.Based on these findings,some suitable cultivars will be selected and introduced to each location.The cultivars of LK99,Zhongshu No.3,98-1-1,0034,Zhongshu No.9,Tongshu No.23, Jinshu No.7,Jinshu No.14,Kexin No.17,Kexin No.20,Longshu No.6,Xindaping, Atlantic,Bashu No.8,Bashu No.10,Weishu No.1 and Jishu No.8 can be introduced to Hejiagou.Varieties of LK99,Zhongshu No.3,98-1-1,0034,Zhongshu No.9, Tongshu No.20,Tongshu No.23,Jinshu No.14,Kexin No.17,Kexin No.20, Longshu No.6,Xindaping,Atlantic,Bashu No.8,Bashu No.10,Weishu No.1 and Jishu No.8 are suitable to be cultivated in Liren.Cultivars of Zhongshu No.3,0034, Zhongshu No.9,Tongshu No.20,Tongshu No.23,Jinshu No.7,Jinshu No.14, Kexin No.17,Kexin No.20,Longshu No.6,Xindaping,Atlantic,Bashu No.8, Bashu No.10 and Weishu No.1 are good to be planted in Shilibu.The influence of ecological conditions and cultivation factors on potato quality traits in Zhangye,Dingxi and Baiyin was also investigated.The results indicated that more complex ecological conditions and cultivation factors caused the average level of specific gravity,dry matter content,starch content,ratio of amylopectin to amylose, productivity of granules and flakes,water-soluble proteins content,reducing sugars content and vitamins content significantly different in potato tubers.The ecological conditions of the lowest latitude,higher altitude,water deficit and relatively tight structure of soil depressed accumulation of starch and reducing sugars of potato tubers in Dingxi,but raised ratio of amylopectin to amylose,productivity of granules and flakes.The highest specific gravity and starch content of tubers were observed in the lowest altitude and lower latitude in Baiyin.The highest latitude and altitude resulted in the lowest dry matter content,lower specific gravity and starch content and the highest reducing sugars content in Zhangye.Culture potato followed peas and fertilize reasonable ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium could enhance water-soluble proteins content to maximum in tubers in Dingxi.The lowest water-soluble proteins content of tubers was observed in Baiyin,the main reason maybe not fertilize any organic fertilizers.The highest vitamins content are related to well managements on preventing diseases and insect pests in Binyin.Lack of diseases and pests control leaded to the lowest average vitamins content of tubers in Dingxi.Based on the results of this investigation,some suitable potato varieties will be selected and introduced to each area.Varieties of LK99,Zhongshu No.3,0034,Zhongshu No.9,Tongshu No. 20,Tongshu No.23,Jinshu No.7,Jinshu No.14,Kexin No.17,Kexin No.20, Longshu No.6,Xindaping,Atlantic,Bashu No.8,Bashu No.10,Weishu No.1 and Jishu No.8 can be introduced to Zhangye.Cultivars of Neishu No.3,LK99, Zhongshu No.3,98-1-1,0034,Shepody,Zhongshu No.9,Tongshu No.23,Jinshu No.7,Kexin No.17,Kexin No.20,Longshu No.6,Xindaping,Atlantic,Bashu No.8, Bashu No.10,Weishu No.1 and Jishu No.8.are good to be planted in Dingxi.The 22 potato varieties in test which are Fengbai,Neishu No.3,LK99,Zhongshu No.3, 98-1-1,0034,Shepody,Zhongshu No.9,Tongshu No.20,Tongshu No.23,Jinshu No.7,Jinshu No.14,Kexin No.17,Kexin No.19,Kexin No.20,Longshu No.6, Xindaping,Atlantic,Bashu No.8,Bashu No.10,Weishu No.1 and Jishu No.8. Baiyin are all suitable to be cultivated in Baiyin.