Large-leafed Cardamine And The Chemical Composition Of Thyme And Activity

Cardamine macrophylla is a wild vegetable.As a perennial plant,it has many functions such as a good feed,its seedling an edible part,and a traditional medicine due to inducing urination, analgesic action,and septicemia treatment and so on.Cardamine macrophylla mainly distributes in Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Shanxi,Hubei,Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan and Tibet provinces in China.Thymus quinquecostatusCelak locates in China's Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai, Shanxi,Hebei,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia and other places,belonging to the Labiateae.The taste of this plant is sweet odor and herbal.It is traditionally used in folk medicine for its effects such as relieving cough,cold and warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold.This paper preliminary studied the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatusCelak using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH.) free radical-scavenging systems and hydroxyl radical-scavenging.We also analyzed the volatile components of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatus Celak by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Content of Nutrilites in Cardamine macrophylla was also analyzed.The main results were as follows:(1) Determination of nutrients in Cardamine macrophyllaThe result showed that the contentof soluble sugar in Cardamine macrophylla in every 100g was 3.150±0.252 g,the content of crude fat was 2.480±0.035g and the content of crude protein was 19.60±0.00g.At least,there were 19 kinds of amino acid in Cardamine macrophylla.including seven kinds of essential amino acids amounting to 12.8%.The ratio of essential amino acids and total amino acid were 37.3%.The main composition of amino acid were glutamic acid and glutamine(6.00%),alanine(3.06%),aspartic and asparagine(2.85%),arginine(2.66%),leucine (2.45%),valine(2.32%),proline acid(2.07%).Eight mineral elements including K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe, Zn,Mn and Cu were determined.The content of major element was in order as K(4.09g/100g)＞Ca (3.52g/100g)＞Mg(4500μg / g)＞Na(2650μg / g).The content of trace Elements was in order as Fe (835μg / g)＞Mn(99.3μg / g)＞Zn(42.5μg / g)＞Cu(6.00μg / g).(2) Determination of volatile components of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatus Celakvolatile components of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatusCelak were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), respectively.23 compounds were identified in Cardamine macrophylla.The main volatile compounds in Cardamine macrophylla were Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone(41.0%),phenol(8.10%), Phytol(3.05%),beta.-Ionene(3.02%),Elixene(2.24%) and Carvacrol(1.76%).23 compounds were identified in Thymus quinquecostatusCelak,the major of the volatile compounds were l-borneol (14.1%),thymol(13.5%),Isothymol(11.1%),o-Cymene(10.3%),thymol(3.89%),Eucalyptol (3.19%),4 - terpineol(2.83%),caryophyllene(2.75%),Elixene(2.67%)and linalool(2.54%).The total content of l-borneol,thymol,Isothymol and o-Cymene reached up to 49.1%.(3) Determination on antimicrobial activities of the extracts of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatusCelakSolvent method was used to extract and separate Cardamine macrophylla to get petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-bu-tanol and water extracts.In addition,80%ethanolextractive was extracted by solvent backflow method.The results showed that the extracts were found to only inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis in some extent and the inhibition zone was(0.0-13.4) mm at the tested content Thymus quinquecostatusCelak had obvious antibacterial effect and the inhibition zone was(33.4 -57.2) mm.(4) Determination on antioxidant activities of the extracts of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatusCelakThe extracts of Cardamine macrophylla and Thymus quinquecostatusCelak were subjected to screening for their possible in vitro antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) free radical-scavenging systems and hydroxyl radical-scavenging.The results ration. Essential Oil of showed that all the extracts exposed antioxidant capability in a dose-dependent manner,but the results were different for each species depending on the applied test.N-bu-tanol extract group had the highest antioxidant activities in DPPH·free radical-scavenging system..IC₅₀ values in scavenging abilities on DPPH·of N-bu-tanol extract group was 0.507 mg/mL.chloroform extract group had the highest antioxidant activities in hydroxyl radical-scavenging,lC₅₀ values in scavenging abilities on hydroxyl radical-scavenging of chloroform extract group was 2.17mg/mL. IC₅₀ values in scavenging abilities on DPPH·of 95%ethanolextractive of Thymus quinquecostatusCelak was 0.132 mg/mL.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of 95%ethanol extractive were 45.82±0.73%at 10 mg/mL.