Five Kinds Of Mineral Elements In The Ratio Of Fertilization On Yield And Quality Of Fuji Apple In

Apple fruit is one of the world's four major fruits.The apple yield in China is the world's largest.The planting area and output in Shaanxi Province get the first in the country.In this paper,it focus on the influences of mineral elements formulas on leaf photosynthesis,fruit quality and yield of Red Fuji apple trees.The rusults we gotten from the experiment provided a theoretical basis for apple production practice.The main research content is the influences of different componient composed with five mineral elements on the chlorophyll content of apple leaves,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,fruit weight,and numbers per plant,yield per plant,hardness,titratable acid content,soluble sugar content,sugar acid ratio,aroma compounds and other factors.The five mineral elements used in the experiment are iron,zinc,boron,magnesium,calcium.The results show that:1.Different indexes effected by elements and the importance order of the elements:Under the conditions of this experiment,it proved that magnesium,zinc,iron are the key elements for the chlorophyll content,their importance order was as Mg＞Zn＞Fe;magnesium,zinc are the key elements for the leaf soluble sugar,their importance order was as Mg＞Zn;magnesium, zinc,calcium are the key elements for the net photosynthetic rate,their importance order was as Mg＞Ca＞Zn.Calcium,zinc and magnesium are the key elements for the transpiration rate,their importance order was as Ca＞Zn＞Mg;magnesium,calcium,iron are the key elements for the stomatal conductance,their importance order was as Mg＞Ca＞Fe;magnesium,calcium are the key elements for the weight,their importance order was as Mg＞Ca.Iron is the key elements for the yield per plant;magnesium,boron,calcium,zinc are the key elements for the longitudinal diameter. their importance order was as Mg＞B＞Ca＞Zn;magnesium is the key elements for the fruit shape index.Calcium is the key elements for the fruit hardness;zinc,iron,calcium,boron and magnesium are the key elements for the the titratable acid in the apple,their importance order was as Zn＞Fe＞Ca＞B＞Mg;iron,boron are the key elements for the fruit soluble sugar content,their importance order was as Fe＞B.Boron,zinc,iron,calcium are the key elements for the soluble sugar content/acid,their importance order was as B＞Zn＞Fe＞Ca.The importance order for ester composition of peak area relative were as Mg＞Zn＞Fe＞B＞Ca.The importance order for aldehyde composition of peak area relative were as Mg＞Zn＞Fe＞Ca＞B.The importance order for other ingredients of peak area relative were as Mg＞Zn＞B＞Fe＞Ca.2.The results about different fertilizer treatments on apple indexes was shown that:The maximum Chlorophyll content appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 0g,B40g,Mg100g and Ca 450g;the highest soluble sugar content(5.052mg/g) appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 0g,B40g,Mg100g and Ca 450g;and the highest net photosynthetic rate(21.29μmol/m^-2·s) appered at the treatment of Fe 60g,Zn 80g,B 0g,Mg 50g and Ca 450g.The highest transpiration rate and stomatal conductance(8.41mmol/m^-2·s) and(798.60 mmol/m ^-2·s) appered at the treatment of Fe 0g,Zn 40g,B 40g,Mg 50g and Ca 150g;the largest weight(169.63g) appered at the treatment of Fe 60g,Zn 0g,B 80g,Mg 150g and Ca 150g;the largest number of fruit per plant is 323 months appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 40g,B 0g,Mg 100g and Ca 300g;the highest yield per plant(50.99Kg) appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 40g,B 0g,Mg 100g and Ca 300g;the largest longitudinal diameter of fruit(7.04cm) appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 0g,B 40g,Mg 150g and Ca 450g;the maximum diameter of fruit is 7.53cm appered at the treatment of Fe 60g,Zn 0g,B 80g,Mg 150g andCa 150g;the highest fruit shape index(0.98) appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 0g,B 40g,Mg 150g andCa 450g;the maximum hardness(6.58 kg/cm²)appered at the treatment of Fe 0g,Zn 120g,B 120g,Mg 50g and Ca 450g;the largest average titratable acidity(0.23%)appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 40g,B 0g,Mg 100g and Ca 300g;the largest average soluble sugar(15.37%.) appered at the treatment of Fe 60g,Zn 120g,B 40g,Mg 0g andCa 300g;the largest ratio of sugar/Acid(88.82) appered at the treatment of Fe 60g,Zn 120g,B 40g,Mg 0g and Ca 300g;the highest of ester components in apple aroma(76.29%) appered at the treatment of Fe 30g,Zn 120g,B 80g,Mg 50g and Ca 150g;the highest content of other types of components(10.78%) appered at the treatment of Fe 60g,Zn 40g,B 120g,Mg 100g and Ca 0g,3.The results of different fertilizer treatments effecting on aroma componds was shown that:74 kinds of chemical componds were identified in apple including esters,alcohols,ketones. aldehydes,vinyl and other material.The ester componds were 56.61%of the total peak area. 34.274%for the aldehydes,and 6.54%for alcohol.Eight componds had a peak area more than 1%.They were 1-Butanol;1-Butanol,2-methyl-;(E) -2- hexanal;1-Hexanol;1-Butanol,2-methyl-, acetate;Acetic acid,hxyl ster.The 28 major ester componds got total peak area of 42.79%;16 major alcohol componds got total peak area of 9.78%;8 major aldehyde componds got 42.74%;8 major olefin componds got 0.17%;9 major ketones componds got 1.03%;and other componds got 3.49%. There were 22 kinds of componds appered in every treatments.They were acetaldehyde; ethanol;2-acetone;butanol;isobutanol;n-butyraldehyde;ethyl acetate:1-Butanol,2-methyl-; (E)-2-hexanal,Acetic acid;2-methylpropyl ester;Hexanal;Acetic acid,butyl ester;1-Hexanol; 1-Butanol,2-methyl-,acetate;Butanoic acid,propyl ester;Propanoic acid,butyl ester;Acetic acid, pentyl ester;2-Hexen-1-ol,acetate,(E)-;Butanoic acid,butyl ester;Acetic acid,hexyl ester;Butyl 2-methylbutanoate;Butanoic acid,hexyl ester.There was large difference of componds in each treatment.4.Production recommendation:With comprehensive analysis of the results in this pilot study,authors suggested that the optimum dosage for improving the yield and quality of Fuji apple were Fe 30g,Zn 120g,B 40g,Mg 150g and Ca 450g per tree.