| The experiment was done in weibei plateau from 2008-2010 to study the effect of fertilization on the quality and yield of Red fuji apple,which include the four parts as follows: effect of N supply on the yield,quality and the developments of N in leaves and new branches,effect of different N,P,K Fertilization on yield and quality,effect of spraying Ca,Fe,Zn fertilizer on yield and quality.In order to make the experients more typical and Pertinence,the survey aiming to know the fundamental condition of the orchard was carried out in weibei plateau.The main results were showed as follows:1. We investigated the fertilization status in Weibei plateau in 2008 and 2009,the results showed that apple yield has the positive correlation with fertilizers, the main fertilizer used was N fertilizer even they has increased the use of P and K, the effect is still not good. The average use of N,P,K fertilize respectively is 772.4 kg/hm2,372.6 kg/hm2,293 kg/hm2, The difference between each household was considerably large. The households higher and high N fertilizer rate was 57.4% and 26.7%, the appropriate rate was 9.9%,the low and lower rate respectively was 2.97%,the households higher and high P rate was 23.7% and 43.5% respectively, appropriate rate was 19.8%,low and lower rate was 36.65% and 18.81%, the higher and high K rate was 27.72% and 22.77%, appropriate rate was 14.85%,the low and lower rate was 11.88% and 22.77% respectively.The basal fertilizer respectively account 70%,87.7% and 85% of the total amount of N,P2O5 and K2O fertilizer, therefore the topdressing fertilizer proportion respectively was 30%,12.3% and 15%.Decreasing the amount of N application, rasing the N use rate, increasing the top-dressing ratio of P and K fertilizer, banlanced fertilization will be the right direction of famers.2. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer. The main research was study the effect of N supply on the developments of N in leaves and new branches in 2008,sampling the leaves and new branches each thirty days from the late of April to the early of harvest. Results showed that the content of N in apple leaves and new branches were obviously increased with the application of nitrogen, increased 2.6 to 6.2 g/kg, 1.0 to 3.1 g/kg respectively compared to the control treatment (CK), From May to August, the rates of N and the N content in apple leaves and new branches was fitted by a polynomial (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the correlation coefficients reached 0.814 2 to 0.948 0 and 0.908 3-0.981 2 respectively. From May to August, N content of leaves and new branches can be used as the basis to diagnosis the supply of N nutrient in apple trees, while the leaves in August and the new branches in June to August was the best sampling period.In 2009 we mainly study the effect on the yield and quality of the nitrogen fertilizer,the results reflected that the N content of leaves,new branches and fruits increased as the N increased, the N4 treatment increased the N content of leaves, new branches and fruits by 12.7%,5.1% and 23.2% respectively compared with the CK treatment, the yield results showed that the yield increased to the maximum and then decreased as the N increased, the N2 treatment reached the highest yield was 26.0 kg/tree, increased by 12.7%,the N3 treatment decreased by 10.8% compared with CK treatment; the quality results showed that the content of VC decreased by the use of N fertilizer,the fertilizer treatment decreased by 50% or more compare with the control treatment, the content of soluble sugar and the soluble solid respectively reached the maximum value 14.3% and 12% at N2 treatment then decreased. These results showed that as both the quality and yield increased to the maximum value and then decreased as the N fertilizer increased,excessive application of N fertilizer not only decrease the fertilizer application effect, raise cash for fertilizer but also reduce the quality and yield. In the study, the treatment of 0.2 kg N per tree achieved the best results, so the recommend N fertilizer was 333 kg.hm-2.3. The results of the effect of different N,P,K Fertilization on yield and quality of Fuji Apple showed that supply chemical fertilizer could increase apple yield in the range from 20.65% to 45.94%,The seven years average yield of the treatment of N combined with P and K fertilizer is 37.73 t/hm2,increased by 45.94%,compared with the PK,NK and NP,the yield of the NPK treatment respectively increased by 20.97%,17.47% and 12.67%,the order of increase rate by the elements is N>P>K. The content of soluble sugar of NPK treatment respectively increased by 18.06%,9.8%,11.2% with the deficiency treatment of NP,NK,PK, the soluble solid was increased by 9.5%,0.8%,5.5% differently. These results showed that the application of N,P combined with K fertilizer can improve the apple yield, and ameliorate the apple of quality.4. Effects of spraying micro-fertilizer. According to the results of experiment, the P content of leaves decreased by 70.7% compared with CK after spraying Fe fertilizer, besides branches the Fe content of fruit and leaves respectively increased by 59.2% and 41.3%;the N content of leaves,fruit and branches respectively increased by 17.4%,5.5%,17.5% compared with CK after spraying Zn fertilizer,besides leaves the Zn content of fruits and branches respectively increased by 69.9% and 10.6%;the K content of leaves, P content of fruits respectively decreased by 28.8% and 75% compared with CK after spraying Ca fertilizer, the Ca content of fruit increased by 70.9%,the Ca content of leaves and branches respectively decreased by 37.1% and 16.7%.The yield reached the highest value which was 38.02 kg/hm2 after spraying Ca fertilizer, the yield after spaying Ca,Fe,Zn fertilizer respectively increased by 62.58%,59.37%,43.53%,the VC content after spaying Ca,Fe,Zn fertilizer respectively increased by 61.9%,42.7%,17.2%,the sugar-acid rate respectively increased by 1.7%,0.7%,2.7% compared with the control treatment. These results showed that spraying micro-fertilizer can enhance the nutrition conditions of the trees, improve the yield and quality. |
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