Outside Of The Rebellion - Middle Ages Cattle Function I Intended To Explore

Ancient Chinese agriculture-based society is a totalitarian society. The cattle are essential tool for the agricultural society. In ancient China, the use of the cattle and the hard plow enhanced the working people's productivity and production efficiency, and also promoted the development of ancient Chinese agrarian society.As the cattle obtained dynasties of rulers and common people's value and protection, the agricultural production development could be promoted. Therefore the scholars almost study cattle's function from the agriculture aspect, other functions of cattle rarely involve in. This paper focuses on the cattle playing an important role in transportation, medical care, diet, war and sacrificial offering, etc.This paper is divided into six parts. The concrete contents are as follows.The first part is an introduction. The main motivation for this research and domestic research results have been discussed and review. At the same time for the proposed research methods and data used to make a brief introduction.The second part has discussed the function of the cattle which displays in the transportation aspect. Firstly, compares Wei Jin Southern and Northern with the Song Dynasties prevalence of the carts, and analyzes the penetration of various dynasties carts for different reasons. Secondly, explores the type of cattle as a means of transport which can be divided into luxury carts, ordinary carts, and riding cattle.The third part has discussed the function of the cattle which displays in the medical care aspect. Through the analysis to the use of the cattle product in the Indian two ancient medical works and the Chinese several ancient medical works, as well as the use of cattle products case studies, we find that Chinese medicine are inspired by the India medicine, and gradually begin to widespread use of cattle products. This part reveals the Indian medicine significant impact on the traditional Chinese medicine. And comes to the overall conclusions that Chinese medicine does not absorb India medicine totally, but the absorption has a certain degree of localization process. This section points out the localization process rule.The fourth part has discussed the function of the cattle which displays in the diet aspect. This section summarizes the common people, the army in different situations of eating beef, and also lists a number of "eating beef retribution" concept stories which embody the "eating beef retribution" concept and the thought basing on agriculture. The fifth part has discussed the function of the cattle which displays in the war aspect. According to its own characteristics, cattle played a special role in the ancient war. For example, cattle could be used as weapons, war trophies, tributes for surrender, awards for the war heroes, tributes of vassals and so on.The sixth part has discussed the function of the cattle which displays in the sacrificial offering aspect. First, this part analyzes each dynasty respectively uses cow's situation towards the sacrificial offering with the cow and the treaty of alliance. Second, summarizes all previous dynasties rulers use three methods to reduce sacrificial offering cattle, for the protection of agricultural production considerations.The innovation of this paper is that taking the cattle's function in transportation, medical care, diet, war, sacrificial offering and so on as the object of study. Based on large collection of historical materials, this article does a more comprehensive and thorough discussion and analysis. Concrete manifestation is in following several aspects.Firstly, discusses the type of cattle as a means of transport which is divided into luxury carts, ordinary carts, and riding cattle. By analyzing the literature and archaeological finds, this paper studies the specific shape and difference between the luxury and ordinary carts.Secondly, through analyzing the records of the use condition of the cattle product in the Chinese ancient medical works and Indian ancient medical works, this paper reveals the significant influence to the Chinese medicine from the India medicine, and points out that the absorption of Chinese medicine on India has some localization process. This localization process embodies in traditional Chinese medicine's great innovation and invention based on the India medicine, to the cattle product use type and quantity. In addition, but also summarizes the localization advancement rule.Thirdly, the cattle were occupying a key position in the sacrificial offering in Chinese ancient times. The scholars often only pay attention to the situation that cattle are used in all previous dynasties sacrificial offering, but ignore the rulers also have special protection measures for cattle for the protection of agricultural production considerations. This article summarizes the measures which the rulers often use, such as canceling the sacrificial offering to use the domestic animals, replaced by domestic animals or others, reducing the number and so on.