Ethical Reflection On Human Organ Transplantation

Since humans society entered the 21st century, science and technology is developing with a dizzying pace, especially the development of life science is much faster than the human imagination. Organ transplantation, gene therapy, assisted reproductive technology application and popularization are making human's awareness of their own understanding become simple and clear. From the perspective of science and technology these modern life science is the necessity of the development of science and technology, however, from ethical perspective they are facing countless new challenges. Academic circle has researched a lot about this topic and pointed out the ethical problems and social problems brought out by it, meanwhile, many solutions are put forward by these researches. However,with the popularization of organ transplantation, the old problems are not thoroughly resolved,and new problems are coming out continuously. Thus, it is necessary to deeply discuss these problems through new perspectives, in order to find new solutions of problems.From the most basic life ethics principle, namely no damage principle, charitable principle, justice initiative principle, this thesis discusses that organ transplantation should follow the principles of respecting life, protecting the interest of donor and receptor, justice and informed consent, and point out the problems we are facing in practice, giving rise to the organ transplant of ethics, namely, the purpose of the pursuit of mankind's greatest benefit, and human's happiness and upholding human dignity. Affected by China's own culture, there exist some problems about organ transplantation that have not been resolved yet, which are mainly about protection of the interest of donors, the maximum of interest of receptors and the supervision of medical personnels. With the development of organ transplantation and the extension of receptors, we should pay close attention to the receptors' psychological and mental health, such as the identity of personality and self-consciousness, and reduce the negative affection that happens on them, helping them improve self-understanding and keep their social roles.Thus, we should strengthen the propaganda education, change people's idea, establish a correct outlook on life and world view, and have a right view on organ transplantation and death. Meanwhile, we should strengthen media publicity, sets up the sense of honor of organ donation, perfect relevant ethical principles and regulate medical behavior. And we should establish professional medical institutions, pay attention to the donor transplantation receptor's mental and physical health, strengthen moral supervision, improve the medical staff of moral self-discipline, secure organ transplant recipients of good medical environment.The development of medical technology has made great contribution on human's longevity and health, but as other science branch, it has many complex uncertainties in its development. Medical ethics once restricts the organ transplant technology application and development, but in the modern multiplication morality, ethical circles on organ transplant ethical implication of the argument, powerful breakthrough the ethics constraints and limitation, for organ transplantation provides a broad space for development.Organ transplantation is a branch of life science, through its development we can prospect the development of science and technology, which will break ethics moral restraint and win the broader moral freedom.We should establish a reasonable and orderly management system, standardize the life science and technology development direction, in order to realize the ultimate purpose of life ethics-promoting human's full-scale development.