Yunnan Sustainable Agricultural Development

The article carried out a detailed analysis of the Yunnan's local characteristics and the actual situation of existing agriculture, using gray correlation analysis method, fuzzy mathematics analysis and other analytical methods. It shows necessity of Yunnan's agriculture to take the road of sustainable development of agriculture. At the same time, it puts forward four options for sustainable development of agriculture in Yunnan.Agricultural production as a sector of natural breeding of animals and of growing plants has a close relation with eco-economy. After the Chinese agriculture made a shift from extensive operation to a new phase of intensive operation, the sustainable development of agriculture was regarded as suitable and important measure in adapting to a new situation of agricultural development and effective means for peasants to increase their income. Yunnan stretches from East Asia to South Asia, from Tibetan plateau to Indo-China peninsula and is part of low-latitude mountain plateau. Within its borders, high mountains alternate with deep valleys. There are six major river systems: Jinsha river, Nanpan river, Lancang river, Red river, Nu river and Ayeyarwady river. Yunnan's special geographical position determines its advantage in natural resources. But the long-term backward model of agricultural development seriously undermined environment on which agriculture depends. Moreover, unreasonable structure of agricultural production also restricted a rapid development of agriculture. The article also touches upon setting up a sustained development evaluation system (rural economy index, social development index, environmental sustainability index, and environmental improvement index), using fuzzy comprehensive estimation for evaluation of sustainable development of agriculture in Yunnan. It turned out that subordinative degree is 0.727, which deviates from target value 0.273. A large gap is especially visible by social development index, which is 0.3566 and the target value is 0.6434. Therefore, in order to obtain a rapid development and achieve a qualitative leap, agriculture of Yunnan has to take the path of sustainable development.On the basis of comprehensive analysis of relevant domestic and foreign research results and the analysis of research on the spot, author came to conclusion that the following four changes have to be implemented in order that Yunnan could take a path of sustainable development. First, the structural adjustment of agricultural production in Yunnan is fundamental for sustainable agricultural development. With the use of gray correlation analysis method in systematic analysis of a structure of Yunnan's agricultural production, researchers found out that planting is still a major activity. Animal husbandry proportion is low; soil output rate and working productivity rate are low and agricultural operational mode is extensive. The pressure on environment is large. Economic development is slow; labor force is in surplus and farmers live in poverty. Facing deterioration of ecological environment, the structure of agricultural production has to be adjusted and sustainable agricultural development and ecological improvement have to be implemented. Second, reinforcement of environmental construction is a basis for sustainable development of agriculture in Yunnan. Ecological environment is a precondition on which depends agricultural development. The old model of agricultural development in Yunnan has caused enormous damage to environment and fragile environment was unable to bear deep-seated exploitation. If the agriculture wants to start a new round of development, then more attention has to be paid to ecological protection. Agricultural development has to go along with environment protection and environmental protection has to accelerate agricultural development; the dual development of agriculture and environment has to be carried out. Third, vigorous development of ecological agriculture is crucial for sustainable development of agriculture in Yunnan. Development of ecological agriculture is currently a common countermeasure in places where sustainable development of agriculture is carried out. But how could ecological agriculture suit to particular places in reality, is still a research hotspot. According to Yunnan's characteristics (large mountain region, weak agricultural environment, low level of fertility and low farmers' income), the construction of its ecological agriculture should be grounded on high-degree development of its agriculture and rural economy. A village has to become a section, household has to become a unit, ecological model fields have to be regarded as technological support and technological protection; all this can serve as model example for eco-households and eco-villages. Yunnan's eco-households, ecological model fields and eco-villages (ternary structure), are theoretical basis for construction of Yunnan's characteristic ecological agriculture. Fourth, interrelated set of measures is guarantee for implementation of sustainable development of agriculture in Yunnan. The realization of the development of agriculture in Yunnan is a long-term process. Whether or not a regulatory adjustment is significant and whether or not the progress is smooth, still depends on many factors and conditions inside and outside of agriculture. Decentralized management of rural land, insufficient farmers' capital and unsound system of agricultural market have obstructive effect on agricultural scale, regionalization and specialization. They also have adverse effect on industrialized agricultural production. Insufficient investment in agricultural technology seriously restricts qualitative improvement of agricultural products. Degradation of environment obstructs sustainable development of agriculture. Hence, there is a need for corresponding renovation of a system; to create a favorable external environment. All this depends on scientific and technological progress, on acceleration of optimization and upgrade of agricultural structure, on improvement of ecological environment and on implementation of sustainable development of agriculture.