High School Sex Role Type And The Relationship Between Self-esteem, Loneliness

Gender role is a system of male or female in the social process of learning, which usually divided into four types masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated. In recent years, the emphasis of research in the field of gender differences gradually transfer form physiological gender differences to the study of gender role, and psychologists try to discuss what is the ideal personality patterns from this perspective.Based on Bem's multiple models of sex scheme, in present study, the 407 high school students were divided into four types, which are masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated. Combined with multi-dimensional and multi-level self-worth model and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, we investigated and compared the self-worth and loneliness of different gender roles types, in which emphasis on masculinity and femininity were predictors of loneliness, and the self-worth played a intermediary role between them. These are the important points of my study.The main results are as follows:(1) Among high school students who are tested, the distribution percentage of the four gender role types as following:androgyny> undifferentiated> feminine> masculine, The largest proportion of male and female groups is androgynous, and the type of extreme gender role (such as feminine in male group and masculine in female group) is relatively small.(2) Factors such as gender is no significant impact on the self-worth of high school students, and grade is no significant impact on self-worth, except social orientation in general self-worth. Factors such as gender is no significant impact on the loneliness of high school students, however, grade significantly affect on loneliness.(3) There were significant differences on self-worth and loneliness between the different gender role types, androgyny subjects were significantly higher than the undifferentiated subjects in every dimension of self-worth, and significantly lower loneliness than the undifferentiated subjects. By analysis and comparison, androgynous subjects were shown their advantages.(4) Between the high school students, masculinity and femininity in the gender role types were significantly positive related with self-worth, and they were significant negative related with loneliness. And self-worth also were significant negatively related with loneliness, and their correlation coefficients were between 0.35-0.40.(5) Femininity of gender role types can not only directly predict loneliness,but also indirectly predict loneliness by intermediary between whole self-worth and Social-oriented general self-worth.Through discussion and analysis of the results of the study, we concluded that:(1) The atypical gender role types of high school students are far greater proportion than those typical gender role types.(2) The gender role of high school student is based on their biological sex,, while growth with age and grade,the social significance of gender role gradually become more prominent.(3) The senior high school students have lowest social orientation of elf-worth and highest loneliness, which may be related to the heavy academic pressure and fewer opportunities to communicate with others.(4) High school students who in the more masculinity and femininity has higher self-worth and lower loneliness, and high school students who in higher self-worth has lower loneliness. This shows that the masculinity and femininity is not only an important influencing factors on self-worth of students, and also affect the student's loneliness.(5) The femininity of high school students can reduce their feelings of loneliness, which not only because of their femininity related to good interpersonal communication, and also because of femininity is closely related to self-worth and social orientation in general self-worth, in other words, loneliness decreased is a direct result of femininity, and self-worth and social orientation in general self-worth played a intermediary role between them.