Different Attributed To The Comparative Study Of The Cognitive Characteristics Of The Style Of College Students

Attributional style means a kind of comparatively stable attributional tendency formed in long-term attributional process. According to the definition of Seligman, attributional style includes optimistic attributional style and pessimistic attributional style.College students will always find the reasons consiously or unconsiously in their life. Their cognitive method will affect the reasons understanding, meanwhile how to understand the reasons will affect college students'cognition and physical and mental health. The stage of college students is the transition period and critical period from juvenile to adult, there are various conflicts on their mental development, so the mind of college students are quite plastic and unstable. Attributional style will have a postive or negative affect on their emotion, mentality, aspiration to kowledge, mental health and so on. To research the cognitive characteristics between different attributional style of college students and develop a beneficial attributional style are of great concern to college students, it can promote their development, cultivate perfect personality, form a learning strategy and keep a good state.This study mainly adopted questionaire method and laboratory method to explore the cognitive differences between optimistic attributional style and pessimistic attributional style in college students. It includes three researches. The participants are freshman, sophomore and senior in Gannan normal university, which selected with ASQ by stratified random sampling. The first research is a selective attention experiment, the participants should attentively select various vocabulary and explanation of neutral pictures. In order to explore the differences of probability and the average reaction time between optimistic and pessmistic attributional style college students when they attentively select various vocabulary and explanation. The second research designed a recognition experiment with assessment method of signal detection theory to investigate the accuracy rate, discrimination and response bias defferences between them when they recognize various vocabulary. The third research adopt laboratory method of eye movement, the maerials are six group pictures, a positive picture and a negative picture in each group and present by alternate means. In order to build eye tracking mode of different attributional style in college students. The research conclusions are following:1.Attributional style has situational characteristic in cognitive processing. Pessimistic attributional style students are in the majority in freshman and senior, and optimistic attributional style students are in the majority in sophomore.2.Either attentively select various vocabulary and explanation, or recognize new or old vocabularies, this research finds that attributional style has a notable impact on selective attention of various vocabulary and explanation. The optimistic attributional style college students selected more positive information than pessimistic attributional style.3.College students have positive information preference. For optimistic attributional style or pessmistic attributional style, the reaction time of positive information selection is quicker than negative information selection.4.In the recognition of various vocabulary at different criterias, attributional style has no effect on discrimination, but optimistic attributional style college students have difference with pessimistic attributional students on response bias. The former's master criteria of positive vocabulary is looser than the latter, and stricter on the master criteria of negative vocabulary.5.Attributional style has an effect on eye tracking. Different attributional style college students have difference on the position of first fixation, observation count and fixation length. Optimistic attributional style students paid more attention on positive information of pictures, and pessimistic attributional students focus more on the pictures'negative information.