Chiang Kai-shek's Diversified Foreign System

Anti-Japan war broke out in 1930th. At that time, China confronted with the great challenge. Conflicts between China and Japan escalated very soon. The two-edged policy, that was struggling with Japan unremittingly and striving for the international assistance, was the core of Jiangjieshi and Nanjing government 's schedule. Meanwhile, Jiang's multiple diplomatic system emerged. The multiple members, multiple thoughts, and multiple avenues constituted a whole multifarious diplomatic pattern. It embodied the flexible and mobile ways, which exceeded the conventions. It existed many shortcomings, for example, the diplomatic administration controlled by Jiang himself expanded unlimitedly. Certainly, the normal right of occupational members reduced. The course of the entire system's forming and evolving was influenced by United States deeply.The dissertation tries to study the process of shaping Jiang's diplomatic system with vivid characters, cause he widened his purview in diplomacy. It consists of five parts.Part 1 is the historical background of Jiang's system that was how the former government dealt with the foreign affairs. And in China, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was still young then. "Adoption" and "alteration" were their major ideal. To compare with Jiang's, this system was more regular.Part 2, the key part of the thesis, is the main frame of Jiang's system. There were a lot of "chessmen" to carry out specific work. These "chessmen" included many occupational members who studied abroad, esp. in U.S and a large proportion of non-occupational ones who consisted of his trusted aid, family members and allies. Each advantage of two different ways provided with a huge information network. Because of many reasons, for example, two parts were incompatible, and Jiang 's participation in person, it brought all kinds of subtle contradictions. Although Jiang leaded them all, it was very difficult in harmony.Part 3, is characters of Jiang's system. Jiang had categorical right indiplomacy and he preferred to use specific members in specific fields...Part 4 is national and international reasons of Jiang's system. At the very time, China kept close relationship with many countries, such as U.S.A, the U.K, USSR and others. They affected the operation of Chinese diplomacy more or less. For Jiang himself, his personal experience played a key role in Nanjing government. And all sides made a large impact in other departments, besides the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Part 5, is advantages and disadvantages of Jiang's system. Too many non-occupational members made the Ministry of Foreign Affairs run very flexible. At the same time, Jiang often did details by himself very actively. The conflict between non-occupational members who lacked professional knowledge and occupational ones intensified.