Its Dead Its Dead, Tied To The Bud Sang

In 1905, Chinese Constitutionalism Movement began to upswing, the new policy of late Ch'ing enters the stage in constitutionalism. In this stage, that the gentry and plebs cooperated and conflict with government, pushed to Constitutionalism Movement the direction of progress continuously. Among them, in 1910 four times Parliament Petition Movement have got the important influence to the final political situation tendency of the late Ch'ing.But the viewpoint about Parliament Petition Movement that the gentry and plebs expresses out in Parliament Petition Movement, a part of the public opinion, is a very important part of the important affair. Many of the social public opinion can't be transformed into actual activity. But it represent more true thinking course of the petitionary gentry and plebs, among Constitutionalism Movement, than the actual activity. A lot of viewpoints of the petitionary gentry and plebs was depressed temporarily. But it broke out in the particular history term again, that had the important function to the historical tendency. The petitionary gentry and plebs had motive of fighting for themselves' benefits, but they hoped to save nation mostly. And they wanted to make the government of Ch'ing convoke Petition sooner.The petitionary gentry and plebs expatiated their reason from internal affairs and diplomatism. Among internal affairs, they expatiated from the communication between Emperor and dumb millions (Government and dumb millions), the improvement of bureaucracy, the settlement of financial difficulty, the maturity of preparing for constitutionalism, the advancement of dumb millions' constitutionalism grade, the ultimate difference between national parliaments and Parliament. Among diplomatism, they expatiated from International position (including the position of Dongbei Province), and failure of diplomatism. The petitionary gentry and plebs expatiated from revolt of new type army in Guangzhou, and the solving the difficulty of railway hi Hubei Province.The petitionary method was that they extended the stratum of petition participate and get the helps of the stadholder, lobbying the central officialdom, establishing the resident office in capital, organizing powerful political party, associating with the organize of raising the national debt.The petitionary gentry and plebs appealed to convoke Petition in a year.On the method of convoking Petition, they wished the Emperor declare to convoking Petition with the means of the as powerful as a thunderbolt, and claimed coexisting the cabinet and parliament.After the Ch'ing publicized decree for twice, the petitionary gentry and plebs criticized and warned the Ch'ing government and minister, and put forward to the way relatedly. After the Ch'ing publicized decree that the time of convoking Petition was shortened for three years, the opinion among the petitionary gentry and plebsdivaricated.From the viewpoint about Parliament Petition Movement that the gentry and plebs, we can find the most important divarication lied in the time of convoking Petition.The wisest aspect of the viewpoint about Parliament Petition Movement that the gentry and plebs is that they found exquisitely that the nine years' preparative Constitutionalism listing could not be come true on time.Impelled by the urgent mood of saving the nation, they put the hope to convoke Petition and request convoking Petition sooner.The motivation, reason, method of the Parliament Petition and the time and the method of convoking Petition that they expressed all represent it.The Ch'ing was different from the petitionary gentry and plebs on the time of convoking Petition. One of the reason lied in the divarication in the Constitutionalism mode.For keeping its power, the Ch'ing temporized and played at Constitutionalism. But when it couldn't lead the Constitutionalism Reform on its own, it had satisfied the gentry and plebs partly and shorten the time of convoking Petition by reality, which showed a little sincerity. But most of the petitionary gentry and plebs didn't a...