End Of The Qing's Mutual Aid Evolutionary Thinking

China's ideological trend of mutual-aid evolution sprouted in the early twentieth century, throve during the period of May 4th Movement of 1919, and faded out of the historic stage after the mid-1920's. As an important branch of evolutionism, there's a historic inevitability in its appearance. Firstly, ruthless conception of national interests had aroused people's consciousness of the national crisis, and made the necessity of mutual aid clear to them. Secondly, a crisis of humanity had been initiated by the chaotic conception and the first World War. Stimulated by this, and on the basis of an introspective thinking of Darwin's social evolutionism, Chinese people began to explore more humanized theories of evolution. What's more, not only the traditional doctrines of Chinese culture, such as the " Golden Mean "," Neutralization ", and " Great Harmony ", but also the system of families with several generations, had provided an appropriate cultural soil for the wide-ranging spread of this ideological trend. Due to the different cultural backgrounds and propositions of the believers, the idea was also propagated in various ways. Anarchist fancied replacing competition with mutual aid, and thus realizing an ideal world with no government. Cai Yuan-pei, proceeding from humanity, approved the function of mutual aid to human's evolution. Li Da-zhao stood for the unanimous reformation of spirit and body, and the combining of the blueprint of great socialist harmony with the spirit of mutual aid. Sun zhong-shan, as a steadfast nationalist, had also absorbed the idea of mutual-aid evolution from the angel of national prosperity. The international and domestic situation of pre-modern China, which is continuously hostile, had determined the historic doom of this ideological trend. After the mid-1920's, it soon yielded to the indifferent and brutal class struggle. The passing of time never wiped away the value of the thought. The calling of humanity, justice, and conscience is an ideological heritage that is forever worth our cherish.