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This thesis mainly includes three parts. The first part has chosen Mencius to clarify Confucian school's main attitudes and standpoints about "being an official" and "living in seclusion" It focuses on the viewpoint of "practicing perfection to save the people". The second part has chosen Zhuangzi to analyze different attitudes towards ways of life, such as Taoist school's "living as recluse". In detail, it has compared Taoist school with Confucian school. As a result, it has emphasized Confusian senses of responsibilities and duties. The third part has compare differences and similarities between ancient intellgentsia and modern intelluals by looking into the transformation of roles of modern and contemporary intellectuals. In the end, it has pointed out what choices modern intellectual should make between acadymy and politics.