| In a sense, a history of literature is the spiritual history and mental history of a nation and even spiritual history and mental history of intellectuals. Intellectuals don't mean a certain kind of professional role, rather, they are a group of people who can go beyond their professional requirements, concern themselves with human being and with social problems. They are also a group of people who hold critic view towards society. They represent a society and the wisdom and virtue of a group. Their knowledge doesn't only belong to themselves as private property. Rather, it is the spiritual property of the public and society.All the novels that describe the fates of intellectuals and create intellectuals' images, either describe object or subject, can be called intellectual novels. These novels reflects a nation's fate, spiritual state and have great study value and profound historical and cultural meanings. As a significant literature phenomenon, it touches many subjects which cannot be mentioned in this thesis perfectly. This thesis mainly explores the spiritual tendency during the period of culture transformation and possibility of culture reformation. The discussion is carried out from four perspectives:1. The discourse structures and intellectual novels' discourse patterns during the period of transformation. During the period of transformation, literate was faced with a new historical cultural context and the formation of the coexistence of many factors. This kind of literature state mainly consists of four strong discourses, namely authentic conscious discourse, literature discourse influenced by commercialism, post-modernism discourse and intellectual humanism discourse. There is also a close relation between the formation of intellectual novels and the authors' age, place, experiences and education. Generally speaking , the literature of 1990's are mainly written by "Wu Qi people" and "former young intellectuals" who were mainly bom in the late 1940's and 1950's and have experienced ideal training "Cultural Revolution" and have being in thecountry . "rebirth people" and "later young intellectuals". Both "Wu Qi people" and "former young intellectuals" have experienced the trouble of ideal training and "Cultural Revolution", so they have rich living experiences which are the main discourse' resourses of their literature writing. While "rebirth people" and "later young intellectuals" didn't have too much spiritual burdens, nor did they have the spiritual tensions. "Wu Qi people" and "former young intellectuals" so that they preferred to engage writing with destruction, hedonism and play when they rethinking intellectuals' positions, status and values. Due to the above reasons the intellectual novels in the period of transformation can be mainly divided into three types: present writing, reflecting writing and facing-reality writing.2. The death of supervisor, the confusion in the period of transformation. The death of supervisor caused value to be destroyed and spirit to be confused. Since 1990's, the death of supervisor become a popular literature phenomenon and had a symbolic meaning. It means the non-consciousness of collectives and the collective feelings towards a certain reality. The death in literature works refers not only to the death of body, the natural death, but also, it contains the author's understanding of reality, meets the need of plots and structure and represents some value orientation. So the death in novels means a symbol, a novel rhetoric device. This is a symbol of value ruin. Chinese society are undergoing the transformation from planned economy to market economic. Market becomes the most important lever which dominates social life. That whether market is a great road or a comb should be tested by time. Value rule is the basis lever of market economy. The Pursuit of profit is its basic purpose. Both the production and consumption of a product are contained in the operation of market. The market economy in the period of transformation is not normal. It is abnormal because the mar... |
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