Comparative Study Of Middle Chinese Tone And Teeth Phonological Voiced And Korean-japanese Kanji Pronunciation

Chinese characters are written symbols used in Chinese, with more than 6000 years history, Chinese are regarded as one kind of most ancient words in the world. Before creating their own characters, some countries such as Korea and Japan made all their written records with Chinese characters. Later, Korea and Japan created their own characteristics that could express Korean or Japanese voice, which became modern Korean and Japanese respectively after longtime evolution and consummating. However, the Chinese characters had rooted in the language and words of Korea and Japan, therefore, both Korean and Japanese could not desert Chinese characters and Chinese vocabulary.At the beginning, Korea and Japan might absorb Chinese and Chinese characters simply by means of imitating Chinese pronunciation of the time directly. However, these two language systems received Chinese with different structure separately, therefore, pronunciation of the Chinese characters absorbed by these countries changed tremendously, moreover, time lapse further brought changes and evolution in to pronunciation of those Chinese characters in the two language systems, as a result, pronunciation of Chinese characters in these countries appears remarkably different.This paper will focus on, in contrast, reflection of sonant '(?)'·'(?)'·'(?)' etc., which belong to dental - Glottal sound system of the mediaeval Chinese pronunciation, and already disappeared for long time in modern Chinese pronunciation, in pronunciation of Sino-Korean words and pronunciation of Sino-Japanese words.In this study, 1,075 Chinese characters out of more than 9,000 Chinese characters, that uses '(?)', '(?)', '(?)' etc. as initial and have been listed in "Dialect Phonology for Ancient and modern Chinese characters"("Dialect Phonology" hereinafter), will be studied. The pronunciation of the 1,075 Chinese characters in Korean has consulted with "Analytic Dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japanese", while, pronunciation of Chinese characters in Japanese is rearranged based on Chinese characters pronunciation in " New version Source of Chinese Words".Chapter 1 illustrates motives, reasons, documents and research methods for the paper, and summarizes existing research status.Chapter 2 mainly describes historical stages of Chinese characters, formation of pronunciation of Sino-Korean words, formation and classification of pronunciation of Sino-Japanese words. While talking about history of Chinese, it is necessary to discuss historical stages of Chinese characters, but specialists have no consistent opinions on how to divide the stage, which is its upper limits and floor limit. However, because this paper aims to study Korean and Japanese pronunciation of Chinese mediaeval tones, therefore, it is necessary to mention time of mediaeval tone before making further discussion. There are no person to thoroughly clarify the stages of mediaeval tone and relevant problems till today. This paper will name the period before Qieyun tone phase as early mediaeval, and the period from Qieyun tone phase to Song Dynasty as mediaeval period.Formation of pronunciation of Sino-Korean words lasted for a rather long historical process, wherein including process of standardizing existing Chinese characters pronunciation. When we consider the time, it is clear that, the pronunciation of Sino-Korean words formation period correspondsto Chinese Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, the source of pronunciation of Sino-Korean words is Qieyun tone. Pronunciation of Sino-Japanese words can be further classified into Wu tone, Han tone, Tang-song tone, modern tone and habitual tone etc.. The origin of Wu tone is Southern pronunciation in Northern and Southern Dynasty; Han tone is later than Wu tone, whose origin is pronunciation of Middle China in Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty; Tang-Song tone is Chinese pronunciation during Song-Yuan-Ming Dynasties; modern tone is the pronunciation of glossaries that are transferred from China to Japan; habitual tone refers to other pronunciation generated when some Wu tone, Han tone an...