The Early Qing Dynasty Diplomatic Studies

Diplomacy is the contacts between country and country, produced following the production of the country. Real diplomacy takes shape in modern times. The standardization of the diplomatic behavior is one of the signs formed in modern diplomacy. After the geographical great discovery, "globalization"process begins, the modern country is established and a lot of countries in the world set up capitalist system. Capitalist economy makes the contact of the countries more frequent. The signing of "contract of Westphalia"in 1648 mark the beginning of modern diplomacy. After capitalist era comes in the world, goods, power and capital expand to extensive region in the world at the same time any other nationalities and countries on all kinds of shapes, have been involved in the total trend of global diplomacy passively. According to main trend of development of the world, the diplomacy of earlier stage of Qing Dynasty was the modern diplomacy; it is the important component of the diplomatic history of the world. This kind of diplomacy is different from the relation of paying tribute between traditional China and its vassal state. It has some characteristics of its era. Because the difference between cultures, religions and economic modes causes many frictions in diplomacy, it is not smooth to associate; although there is the sending of diplomatic envoy, has not become regular system. The western countries regard modern diplomatic organization as the executive body and guidance comes with the modern diplomatic theory and China still regards traditional diplomatic organization as the executive body and guidance in the traditional diplomatic idea while both sides associate. The emergence of China's modern diplomacy is a passive course. It causes a far-reaching impact on Chinese society. The diplomacy of earlier stage of Qing Dynasty adopt the peaceful way to accord with international practice then have avoided some conflict across boundaries, has promoted economic development and exchange of culture in a certain degree; It is limited the long-term diplomatic eyes that the rulers of earlier stage of Qing Dynasty were too self-confident to their own national power. The rulers understand overseas information is not overall and initiative and can not know clearly to the international situation so it is very difficult to make the foreign policy, to change the traditional social operational mode to modern one according to the current political situation. It made China lose the chance to go to the world once, and drew back the disparity with the western countries from then on.