Relations: Semantics: Rules

This article carries on research to the modern Chinese social address form in terms ofsocialinguistics, inheriting the socialinguistics classical theory——the theory of "power andsolidarity" ——developing what is useful and discarding what is not. At the foundation ofthis theory, the article reveals that the Chinese social address produce different semantic characteristics because of the existence of different social relationships, and various rules produced in the course of operating. The semantic choice and the operate law reflect the socialized course of speech behavioral, and promulgate that how do the language forms manifest and produce the social significance through the restriction of social factors and linguistic context.The main points of this article is as follow:(1) In the social reality, The compatible of "power" and "solidarity" cause the Chinese social address demonstrate two kinds of different semantic characteristic: power and equal.In Chinese, an address often has many kinds of social semanteme characteristics concurrently, the distribution of the poly-semantics is mixed. The polysemy and the mixed distribution is adap with the complex social relationships and communicating psychology. The Social address can make the semantics changing gradually through combing differently. The changing gradually regulations produce because of the existence of the different social relations: power and solidarity.(2) Because of the existence of two relationships, the use of the social address need to follow two kinds of semantic choice rules(power and solidarity)accordingly. Two kinds of rules occupy the likewise important position in Chinese society as two kinds of relations, which making the Chinese social address is different from the European in the choice of the two-way relation. The semanteme ambiguity of the address of Chinese has offered the convenience for the bidirectional relational in language choice.(3) Power and solidarity relation being all variable quantity, as time going on, the deepening associating or change of emotion, the use of address will change too.(4) Before the 80's, the social address basically manifests for the solidarity semantic and the solidarity rule rising as well as the power semantics and the power rule dropping. At present, two major rules are steady day by day, the compatible developing state appearing permeating each other.(5)The main crux of calling difficultly is that we cannot discriming our relation clearly, so when we address others we cannot judge which rule to follow.Language is a mechanism met by oneself: when the choice of some language form appears barrier, it can adjust its own stucrure to make up the need. Thus, although the difficulty of calling objective existence, it cannot block the human relations carrying on.