Hunchun Probe Into The Eight Banners Stationed In The Qing Dynasty

The Hunchun area is located easten of Jilin Province ,and separates the river with North Korea to face one another, which is the main birthplace of Manchuria. After Qing government entered Shan Hai Guan , the Hunchun area was included within the forbidden yard to strictly prohibits the Han people entering . Simultaneously for guarding against the North Korean border people crossing the boundary to enter China, Qing government sets up the eight banners at the Hunchun area . At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, this area was under the jurisdiction of Ning Gu Ta General . Afterwards , Qing government also establishment Xie Ling yamen, and Fu Du Tong yamen.Regarding Hunchun area in the Qing Dynasty, besides professor Diao Shuren 's research , has not seen other research resultses until now. Therefore , this article fully excavates the predecessor unused Manchu language and Chinese written primitive files (mainly the files written in Manchu language ), namely "Hunchun Fu Du Tong Yamen File", inspect and research the eight banners system of Hunchun comprehensive and systematically . In the establishment and management respect, I analyze the reason for the establishment of Hunchun stations objectively , study and elaborate the offices of Hunchun stations its organization system evolution to the officers soldiers and Banner's peoples'management as well as bannerman's livelihood question of this place.Hunchun is situated at the Chinese and North Korean boundary.The source of its establishment is to guard against the North Korean border people crossing the boundary to enter China . Therefore , in the lationship with North Korea aspect, I mainly inspect the trade between Hunchu area and North Korea's side city , and the disposal of the the Nort Korean order people who crossed the boundary to steal ginseng , cut woods , farm , and build houses . Then draws the conclusion: as North Korea was the dominion of Qing government, all of the trade time supervisors trade personnel and the trade goods were made the strict stipulation by the Qing government.But the bilateral border people had helped supply each other in the side citytrade.However , because its trade way for to the thing was easy, also thetrade goods were limited , the function of this kind of tradement was very limited to promote the economy development of this area . And in the negotiation with the North Korean on border peoples' events , the decision-making power held to the Qing government. The yamen of Hunchun stations only followed the orders to hunt and send the criminals who crossed the boundary to enter China , but not tries the power.Finally,I discuss the functions of the Kalun in Hunchun area, which reflecting the functions of Hunchun station and historical role. At the beginning , Hunchun station was set up to prevent the cross-border and"Forbidden". But to the late Qing Dynasty , Tsarist Russia breathing down the neck of the Northeast, in addition to the Forbidden open , the functions of Hunchun station was changed , which was primarily to resist the invasion of Russia.In short, Hunchun region has been the East gate of China.The Qing government set up the Eight banners in time, which was play an mportant role on the effective border security guards.Qing government divided this area into forbidden,and carried out strict policies.From the perspective of modern ecology observation,the prohibit policies has also had a positive impact to the protection of natural resources and ecological environment.