Western Cross-cultural Training Research

With the acceleration of economic globalization process, more and more sojourners with different cultural backgrounds have opportunities to meet each other. Accordingly, the research on cross-cultural training has become a very hot field and the literature has been growing tremendously rich both at home and abroad. However, we haven't seen many papers dealing with the whole process of cross cultural training. Thus we will study further into the problem above.The first chapter introduces the backgrounds of this paper, which are the rising number of sojourners, problems facing sojourners and the effectiveness of cross-cultural training and so on. Then we conduct a full review of the studies concerning this issue. We find most domestic studies just focus on the trainee, content and method of cross-cultural training, with fewer theoretical and practical studies on training modes and frame theories.The second chapter analyzes the theoretical principle. According to Hofstede, each cultural group differs in five dimensions, including individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity and long-run orientation/short-run orientation. Cultural difference will lead to different behaviors through people's ecological, social and political backgrounds, representing people's acculturation ability to a new culture. Finally, we illustrate the discrepancy between cross cultural training and the school courses.The third chapter is about the practical operation. Firstly, we introduce the existing training modes and the basic training process. Then we demonstrate each step of the practical operation with a concrete example.In the fourth chapter we give some suggestions: (1) design the program. We should evaluate trainees' needs, provide them with related human resource interventions, identify the key points of the training program, and adopt scientific strategies as well as the situational method. (2) conduct the program. We should adjust the programs timely based on the trainees' acculturation level. (3) evaluate the program. We should set proper standards and investigate whether trainees make use of what he or she learns in his or her life.The main innovations of this paper lie in: (1) We review the latest researches in this field, so it does help for people do related researches. (2) We address the practical modes about cross-cultural training and generate some meaningful points on the practical study.