Henan And Shaanxi Territory, The Military Bandits Study (1916-1928),

In the period of the Northern warlords,military discipline of armies within the boundaries of Henan and Shaanxi province ruinned seriously.Nearly all armies had bandit behavior in varying degree,which affected extensiely and frequencely.Some armies'behavior was extremely cruel,and the nature was extremely bad. This article which take the army of Zhen song as an example,try to do a case study on the bandit behavior of armies within the boundaries of Henan and Shaanxi province in the period of the Northern warlords.The full text divides into three chapters.In first chapter,it introduces the historical background in which armies became bandits within the boundaries of Henan and Shaanxi province in the period of the Northern warlords. Because the central political power authority lost gradually,and local warlords set up separationist rule,central organs got out of valid control to the place.The wars within the boundaries of Henan and Shaanxi were frequent,the ravages caused by soldies and brigands were serious,so the society was chaotic.Moreover, Henan and Shaanxi province were two economically undeveloped regions ,and the education was also backward.In the second chapter,it mainly cards and classifies the bandit behavior of the army of Zhen song,also introduces other armies'bandit behavior within the boundaries of Henan and Shaanxi. The bandit behavior of the army of Zhen song mainly has: impose grain levies and money,make a requisition of manpower and materrial,carry out extortion,kidnap and seize a person for extortion, slaughter people and set on fire,rape and traffic in women,collude with bandits,force farmers to plant opium and traffic in opium,bully and oppress the local officers.In the third chapter,it relates and analyzes the reasons and influences that armies became bandits within the boundaries of Henan and Shaanxi province in the period of the Northern warlords. The bandit behavior of armies was a result of many kinds of internal and external causes, and its total root was separatist warlords regime as well as successive years of warfare. The internal factors were as follows: military laws, military expenses and provisions, social environment,folkways, education,etc. The external factors included: sources of troops, soldier's mentality,high-ranking officers, soldier's education, etc. Then, it discourses the pernicious influences of bandit behavior of armies on economy, society, military, politics of Henan and Shaanxi province.It had hindered the development of productive forces, aggravated social unrest, delayed military modernizing advancement, putrefied political atmosphere,and deteriorated culture, masses' values, social psychology and so on.