.18-23 Months Children's Mandarin Voice (in Shanghai)

Based on the spontaneous speech data of ten Putonghua-speaking children aged from 18 months to 23 months, this paper gives a detailed description and analysis on the phonological development of Putonghua-speaking children in this period. In details, it includes as follows: the phonological acquisition sequence, the phonological error patterns and influencing elements on child acquisition of Putonghua phonology in this period.Generally speaking, the acquisition sequence of Putonghua phonology in this period is: single final>initial / tones>compound final / light tone (">"stands for"before") . According to each component of Putonghua phonology, the phonological error patterns of Putonghua acquisition can be divided into four parts: the error patterns of initial acquisition, the error patterns of final acquisition, the error patterns of tone and light tone acquisition and the error patterns of syllable acquisition. The error patterns of initial acquisition are substitution, assimilation, deletion. From the view of pronouncing method, substitution includes aspiration, de-aspiration, stopping, affrication, friction, liquidizing, nasalization, gliding and voicing. From the view of pronouncing place, substitution includes fronting, backing, hard palatalization, and soft palatalization . The error patterns of final acquisition are deletion, substitution, increasing and assimilation. The error patterns of tone and light tone acquisition are substitution and assimilation. The error patterns of syllable acquisition are predigestion and substitution. There are various elements who influencing children acquisition on Putonghua phonology. Among them, cognitive complexity of the child, the coordination of the child's speech organs, the diversity among the children, language input of adults and the influence of dialect phonology are of the most importance.