Walk On The Periphery Of The Buddhist Temples And Popular Circles: Medieval Shellfish Populations In Europe Due To The Study

The Beguine emerged during the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century. The Beguine members combined the secular life with a religious way, which created out a new kind of female religious life pattern. This pattern had indicated the female reformation in the Middle Ages to female religious experience and life in the early phase. Henceforth the female religious life had a wider meaning, no longer equated to the power and influence aristocracy class and the strict closure system under the convent of the regulation. The beguine phenomenon, taking beguine pattern as basis, had come into being in the specially appointed history period and conditions. It had lost the carrier existing with the time propulsion and the environment change, inevitablely walking to feeble and die. And the Beguine members who tried to challenge the established order of society, had been left in the corner of the society ultimately.The thesis consists of six part with an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion.The first part Introduction, mainly draws the outline of the Beguine and makes a brief summary on the research situation of the Beguine. Since there wasn't any detailed and explicit historic record about the founding and development of the Beguine community, and some relative informations come mainly from the exterior angle of view, the acquaintance leading to them is both no all-round and no systematic. This is the reason why the Beguine study is always lagging relatively.Part II mainly discusses the founding of the Beguine from the perspective of the religion and the social backgrounds. The emergence of the Beguine attributes to two big important factors: the religious revival and the urban revival in the 12th century. As a product which intensely combines the secular spirit outcome with the urbanizing environment, it surely has the nature of both religious sacred and society's secular.Part III describes the establishment and the life of the Beguine. By introducing the member fomation of the Beguine, the religious life and the social activity of the Beguine members, as well as the operation of the Beguinage (Beguinehouse), the thesis discusses the versatility and semi-religious of the Beguine members, and reveals how they achieve balanced between the spirit and the material, thus achieves a situation that neither in the world nor out the world.Part IV takes the the church's attitude to the Beguine as the master line to describe the prosperous and struggle of the Beguine that over three centuries. The truth which hides behind the exterior prosperous and struggle are the union of the power of church and kingship, as well as the internal battle in the church system. Marguerite's trial and the Vienne Decree not only symbolize the acme of the development of the Beguine but also indicate the decline of the Beguine. The Beguine appeares short prosperous after the prohibition rule issued, which manifests its resembling formidable vitality. However the strength becomes so weak in the face of church and royal power.Part V narrates that the Beguine walks into declining under the suppression of the church and secular authority. Leading to 14—15th century large-scale suppression to Beguine that even affected to the Third Order, whose essence is that the contradiction there existing in long range between the clergyman and the friar breaks out. Because of the controversial internal nature and the severe external environment, the Beguine walks into contabescence inevitably.The final conclusion aims at observing the spiritual condition and the social position of the entire medieval women by studying the Beguine women. Women in the Middle Ages are neither accessories under the masculine right nor the victim under the suppression of the church. They widely enlivens in the social stage, and forms a resembling powerful strength in the areas of the European economy and the religion. However this strength appears extremely small and weak during the historical transformation. Because the real power remains with the male, and the"Male-Centered"is still the subject and core of the medieval society.