Fan Toast. Eight Origins

Yuan. Ming and Qing Dynasty is very important for the establishment, development and downcome of chieftain system. The chieftain of Ba-fan is an epitome of the whole chieftain system.Chieftain system of Ba-fan was maintained for a long time during Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty because government needs the chieftains maintain the local order. Central government started to take into account the militarily and political significance of Ba-fan region. The administrative division of Ba-fan region goes through three stages.Central government had been changing the measures for border areas in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty. Rulers of Yuan Dynasty succeed the mollification police of Tang Dynasty. However, the government of Ming Dynasty adopted placatory policy to administrate the border areas in the beginning. Then, Wang Yangming put forward the viewpoint that ruling board areas should depend on their own characteristics in late Ming Dynasty. While, the proposition that the chieftain should be instead by Han officer was received in the beginning of Qing Dynasty. As a consequence, chieftain system of Ba-fan changed greatly from Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.Central government lay down the law about chieftains' appointment, tribute, traditonary, promotion, rewards and punishment etc. Of course, Ba-fan chieftain is no exception too. The development and evolution of Ba-fan Chieftain system reflects the ordinary characteristics of the administration in minority regions. At the same time, we could find the regional features of the chieftain system of Ba-fan obviously from its development. This essay made an investigation on the chieftain system of Ba-fan's birth, development, contabescence from the ordinary characteristics of the chieftain system. Moreover, the author also pays attention to its special characteristics.