Shaanxi And Gansu Hui Qing Tongzhi Years Of Movement Study

The Hui people's revolt in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in Tongzhi years, Qing Dynasty is an important event in the history of the Hui people and modern society in northwestern China. It not only affected the social politics, economy and culture, but also caused great changes to the Hui people's living areas.In the late Qing Dynasty, the ruthlessness of politics and corrupt officials of the country made the contradictions in different classes increasingly intensified, while the social and economic problems in Shaanxi and Gansu areas also became more and more serious, in addition, natural disasters occurred frequently, making the continuous frictions between the Hui people and the Han people. Taiping army's arrival in Chang'an in the first year of Tongzhi years made the contradictions further intensified. The Hui people's revolt broke out in GuanZhong area at first, and then expanded to Gansu. But the revolt lost ultimately under the suppression of the Qing government. After the war, the Qing government relocated the Hui people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, making their living areas change greatly. Most of the Hui people were compulsorily relocated in Pingliang, Jingning, Longde, Hui'ning, An'ding, Qin'an, Qingshui and Guyuan, etc. in Gansu province by Zuo Zongtang, except the Hui people in Xi'ning and Hezhou. At the same time, a team led by Bai Yanhu migrated to the Central Asia, while part of the Hui people escaped to the southern part of Shaanxi province, Sichuan and inner Mongolia, etc. in the revolt. At this time, the Hui people migrated to poor and barren mountain areas from the wealthy and superior river valley and plains they used to live, thus making the region distinction more remarkable and the housing more intensive. The Hui people's emigration in various regions( especially in Shaanxi) under compulsion made the population of their original living areas less, the development of the economy slower, and then led to the entrance of migrants from other places as well as the appearance of new cultural phenomenon. To the immigrating areas, the entrance of the Hui people promoted the development of these areas to some degree, and brought the modification of the administrative building. More importantly, it establishes the national distribution pattern in northwestern China at the present day.In all, the processes and changes of the Hui people's migration in Tongzhi years are complex and significant, while its impact to northwestern China is far-reaching.