Community Development And Urban Renewal In The Uk Early In The 21st Century (20th Century),

Britain was the earliest state which experienced industrialization and urbanization. At the same time, it was the earliest state which suffered social problems. Especially after the Second World War, British urban suffered great destruction. Although after the Second World War British government rose urban regeneration movement, it only relieved post war rigorous situation, not solved the social problems radically. Then community scheme emerged as the times required, from community action, "Community Development Project" to "Community-based Economic Development", "New Deal for Community" and neighborhood strategy, community towards from marginal position to main body of urban regeneration finally. Community became the third pole besides government and market. Community development was from self-help pattern towards comprehensive multi-pole partnership model which government-leaded, community-based. Finally urban regeneration was from material renew towards comprehensive regeneration of social, economic and environment. Community promoted diversification, communalization, democratization and integration of British urban. The paper combines the community development and post-war urban regeneration movement, starts with community in the evolution course of urban regeneration, analyzes community development scheme was how from marginal position to main body, and became effective way which solves the social problems. At the same time it played positive effect in the urban regeneration, and promoted urban regeneration from material renew towards community renew, from point of view of one-way development towards comprehensive renaissance.The total paper includes five parts.The first part mainly reviews research status of British community, and summaries characteristics of community concept, studies community development history before 1945. In view of that western scholars study community from sociological perspective in a great extent, the paper tries to study community development experiments in the British urban regeneration from historical perspective. This is useful to realize historical community development of Britain.The second part mainly describes British urban regeneration after the Second World War. British government implemented not only housing building, new town construction, but urban planning, it stressed on material renew and reconstruction. This was only unfunded products of demand management and planning strategy. It was lack of profound thought about social problems, which understood only welfare of government could solved social problems. But in the fact, demand management and one-way security brought heavy burden and many social problems. This showed inability of the government.The third part expounds community development of British urban regeneration respectively accord with time. From the end of 1960s to the late of 1970s. community was in the initial stage of development. With the community action was rising, "Community Development Project" as the auxiliary and experimented scheme of the main urban project "Urban Programme". It devoted used community to deal with urban problems, and stressed community participation, but the results were poorly. From the end of 1970s to the end of 1990s, community development experienced two stages: the first stage was towards market-based "Community-based Economic Development" strategy, then towards comprehensive partnership pattern. Community became the third power of the government and market. To the late of 1990s, with New Labor hold the power, community became the main body of urban generation, and the community development was from self-help towards comprehensive regeneration of social, economic and environment, and was from material renew towards community renew.The forth part discuses the influence of community development in the British urban regeneration. It changed development orientation of urban regeneration from material renew towards community renew. It promoted diversification of urban development, from singleness towards diversification, improved social service which became more humanization, and achieved communalization of the social security, reduced burden of welfare state, promoted urban democratization construction finally.The last part summarizes the mode of the British community development, and the significance of community development in the British social. It was form multiple mechanisms of community helping and government rescue, diversified mold of participation, and clear duty of dispersion pattern. Finally formed comprehensive regeneration of New Labor's the third way and promoted social towards benign development. Then the paper still prospects the future of the community: it was from geographic community towards virtual community.